Fig. 4

Concentrations of TNF-α (a), IL-1β (b), IFN-γ (c), and IL-6 (d) released into media during the 14-day culture period from all donors. Each data point represents one pooled sample from the 5–6 technical replicates at each time point for each donor, with the median and 95% CI displayed by black lines over the data points (see Table S1, “Inflammation” for the list of donors utilized for each treatment group). For each cytokine, the manufacturer’s LLOQ and median LLOD (Table S2) are shown in dashed and dotted horizontal lines, respectively. Measured concentration values of 0 pg/ml were replaced by median LLOD for visualization purposes. C, cartilage monocultures; CB, intact osteochondral plugs; CBS, osteochondral plugs cocultured with synovium; S, synovium explant monocultures; CBS + INJ, mechanically injured osteochondral plugs cocultured with synovium