Fig. 2

In an in vitro arthritic environment, bilobalide maintained the balance between anabolism and catabolism. A, B Immunofluorescence staining showed COLII or MMP13 expression in tandem. C–F Using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and GAPDH as an internal reference, the transcript levels of Col2a1, Acan, Mmp13, and Adamts5 were quantified. G Western blot assays were used to determine the protein levels of COLII, ACAN, MMP13, and ADAMTS5. The values represent the mean ± standard deviation. Each in vitro experiment was repeated three times or more. Statistically, significant differences between the indicated groups are indicated by ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, or ^****p < 0.0001