Table 1 Regulators involved in the recruitment of macrophages to the herniated disc
From: Characteristics and mechanisms of resorption in lumbar disc herniation
Regulator | Sample | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
MCP-1, IL-8 | Human IVD | Macrophages and capillaries have chemotaxis characteristics. | Burke et al. 2002 [60] |
MCP-1, MIP-1α | Human IVD | They are overexpressed in macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. | Haro et al. 1996 [37] |
TSLP | Human and mouse IVD | Endogenous TGF-β reduces the expression of TSLP in the intervertebral disc by inhibiting NF-κB activation. | Zhu et al. 2013 [64] |
RANTES, IL-1β | Human IVD | RANTES expression is upregulated by IL-1β. | Kepler et al. 2013 [65] |
MCP-1 | Rat IVD | MCP-1 promotes the absorption of rat nucleus pulposus tissue. | Haro et al. 2005 [66] |
TSLP | Mouse IVD | TSLP induced by NF-kappaB activating ligand in the intervertebral disc may promote the recruitment of macrophages to the intervertebral disc by stimulating the production of MCP-1. | Ohba et al. 2008 [67] |
MCP-1, MMP3 | Mouse IVD | TNF-α induces the expression of MCP-1 and MMP-3. | Fujita et al. 2012 [68] |
MMP3, MMP-7 | Co-culture system of mouse chondrocytes and macrophages | MMP-3 produced by chondrocytes stimulates the production of macrophage chemoattractants. | Haro et al. 2000 [69] |
TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL3 | Rat IVD | TNF-α and IL-1β regulate the expression of CCL3 in nucleus pulposus cells. | Wang et al. 2013 [70] |