Table 1 Clinical, laboratory variables, and US findings in patients with or without GCA
Total n = 157 | Patients with GCA n = 47 (29.9) | Patients without GCA n = 110 (70.1) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 73.7 (10.8) | 75.3 (11.3) | 73 (10.6) | 0.245 |
Female, n (%) | 106 (67.5) | 31 (66) | 75 (68.2) | 0.785 |
Clinical variables | ||||
Baseline use of steroids, n (%) | 78 (50) | 21 (45.7) | 57 (51.8) | 0.482 |
PMR diagnosis before US examination, n (%) | 43 (27.4) | 8 (17) | 35 (31,8) | 0.121 |
Body mass index, mean (SD) | 27.2 (4.5) | 26.8 (2.8) | 27.4 (5.1) | 0.415 |
Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 128.3 (16.8) | 127.7 (19) | 128.6 (15.9) | 0.777 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 72.9 (10.6) | 69.4 (8.6) | 74.4 (11) | 0.003 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 96 (61.5) | 30 (65.2) | 66 (60) | 0.541 |
Acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | 6 (3.8) | 1 (2.2) | 5 (4.5) | 0.482 |
Arterial revascularization, n (%) | 10 (6.4) | 4 (8.7) | 6 (5.5) | 0.451 |
Transient ischemic attack, n (%) | 4 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 4 (3.7) | 0.188 |
Acute ischemic stroke, n (%) | 12 (7.7) | 3 (6.5) | 9 (8.2) | 0.723 |
Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (0.9) | 0.522 |
Diabetes mellitus type 2, n (%) | 37 (23.7) | 13 (28.3) | 24 (21.8) | 0.388 |
Diabetes mellitus with target organ damage, n (%) | 4 (2.6) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (2.7) | 0.842 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 28 (17.9) | 6 (13) | 22 (20) | 0.302 |
Glomerular filtration rate (MDRD), mean (SD) | 84.4 (23.4) | 84.1 (22.5) | 84.5 (23.8) | 0.931 |
Current or previous smokers, n (%) | 41 (26.3) | 16 (34.8) | 25 (22.7) | 0.119 |
Very high CVR | 70 (44.6) | 23 (48.9) | 47 (42.7) | 0.473 |
High CVR | 46 (29.3) | 14 (29.8) | 32 (29.1) | 0.93 |
Moderate CVR | 21 (13.4) | 6 (12.8) | 15 (13.6) | 0.883 |
Low CVR | 20 (12.7) | 4 (8.5) | 16 (14.5) | 0.299 |
SCORE Score, mean (SD) | 19.2 (21.2) | 20.6 (21.6) | 18.7 (21) | 0.601 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
CRP (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 5.9 (11.3) | 10.7 (18.2) | 3.8 (5) | 0.001 |
ESR (mm/h), mean (SD) | 52.8 (34.2) | 68.2 (34) | 45 (31.8) | 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 13.7 (17.6) | 11.7 (1.6) | 14.5 (21) | 0.185 |
Platelets 109/L, mean (SD) | 293 (124.7) | 335.4 (143.3) | 274.7 (111.6) | 0.014 |
Total cholesterol mg/dL, mean (SD) | 181.9 (153.3) | 161.3 (42.6) | 190.6 (180.1) | 0.111 |
HDL cholesterol mg/dL, mean (SD) | 54 (18.7) | 53.1 (20.7) | 54.3 (17.8) | 0.723 |
LDL cholesterol mg/dL, mean (SD) | 97.4 (35.9) | 90.8 (30.9) | 100.1 (37.6) | 0.142 |
Histology | ||||
Positive temporal artery biopsy (n = 31), n (%) | 10 (32.3) | 10 (43.5) | 0 (0%) | 0.023 |
US variables | ||||
Positive US findings, n (%) | 46 (29.3%) | 41 (87.2%) | 5 (4.5%) | < 0.001 |
Temporal artery positive US findings, n (%) | 32 (20.4%) | 29 (61.7%) | 3 (2.7%) | < 0.001 |
Extracranial arteries positive US findings, n (%) | 23 (14.6%) | 21 (44.7%) | 2 (1.8%) | < 0.001 |
Temporal + extracranial arteries positive US findings, n (%) | 9 (5.7%) | 9 (19.1%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001 |
Halo Score, mean (SD) | 11.4 (8.3) | 18.2 (9.2) | 8.5 (5.9) | < 0.001 |