Fig. 4

The ability of PSTPIP2 to regulate synovial macrophages polarization is dependent on ERβ. A Effect of estrogen receptors on macrophage polarization in vitro: Scatter plot of F4/80⁺CD206⁺ cells. AZD9496: selective ERα antagonist, Prinaberel: selective ERβ antagonist, Estriol: G protein-coupled estrogen receptor antagonist. B One-way ANOVA data for F4/80⁺CD206⁺ cells. C micro-CT and SafraninO-fast green staining of knee joint. The bar chart on the right shows BV/TV analyzed from micro-CT data. BV/TV: bone volume/total volume. D immunohistochemistry of the knee joint (brown: PSTPIP2). sc: synovial cavity, st: synovial tissue. E Immunofluorescence double staining of synovial tissue for PSTPIP2 and F4/80. Green: PSTPIP2, red: F4/80, blue: DAPI. F Analysis of synovial macrophages polarization: the percentage of F4/80⁺CD206⁺ cells in synovial tissue. Scatter plot on the left, histogram on the right. P < 0.05 indicates that the difference is statistically significant. Data represent mean ± SD (one-way ANOVA for B, C, and F)