Skip to main content
Fig. 4 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: EC-18 prevents autoimmune arthritis by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis

Fig. 4

EC-18 combined with methotrexate reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines in vivo. The vehicle only or EC-18 (125 mg/kg) was administered to mice once daily from day 21 after the first immunization, and methotrexate (1.5 mg/kg) was administered three times a week by oral feeding. At 70 days after the first immunization with CII, the mice were sacrificed and examined to assess changes in the levels of inflammatory cytokines in joint tissues of subjects with the average arthritis score of each group (n = 5/group). A, B H&E and isotype staining for immunohistochemistry of joint sections from vehicle-treated (A) or EC-18 plus MTX-treated (B) CIA mice. Rabbit monoclonal Ab for immunohistochemistry was used as isotype control. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the areas delineated by a box in H&E images. Arrows indicate synovium. C Sections of joint tissues were stained with antibodies against IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) (original magnification ×400). Joint tissue from normal mice was used as a control (n = 2). The graphs present the number of Ab-positive cells for each cytokine. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated control group

Back to article page