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Table 2 Comparison of baseline variables between those with and without sufficient vitamin D levels

From: Clinical and serological association of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in lupus and the short-term effects of oral vitamin D supplementation

Parameter

Vitamin D < 30 mg/ml (n = 499)

Vitamin D ≥ 30 mg/ml (n = 203)

P value

Age in years

(Mean ± SD)

27.22 ± 10.6

30.81 ± 10.4

< 0.001*

Females (%)

465 (93.19%)

188 (92.61%)

0.449

Geographical location

North

240

64

< 0.001*

South

259

139

Socioeconomic status (n = 609)

Lower class

61/437

34/172

0.066

Upper Lower

141/437

66/172

Lower middle

140/437

44/172

Upper middle

88/437

28/172

Upper class

7/437

0/172

Duration of SLE in months

Median (IQR)

12 (19)

11.5 (19)

0.682

BMI (mean ± SD)

20.27 ± 4.53

21.1 ± 4.77

0.124

SLEDAI 2K at baseline, median (IQR)

12 (11)

12.5 (10)

0.373

SLEDAI 2K > 4 (n, %)

352 (70.54%)

132 (65.02%)

0.113

C3 mg/dl

Median (IQR)

56 (49.7)

61.8 (65.1)

0.180

Low C3, n (%)

321 (64.33%)

126 (62.07%)

0.551

C4 mg/dl

Median (IQR)

10 (9.65)

10.4 (9.79)

0.260

Low C4, n (%)

230 (46.1%)

87 (42.86%)

0.44

Low complements (C3/ C4)

353 (70.74%)

137 (67.49%)

0.395

Anti-dsDNA (IU/ml) median (IQR)

300 (670)

314.15 (719)

0.326

Positive anti-dsDNA, n (%)

336 (67.33%)

132 (65.02%)

0.589

CXCL-10 pg/ml, median (IQR) (n = 474)

162.51 (263.22)

145.1 (242.57)

0.146

Galectin 9 ng/ml, median (IQR) (n—548)

11.80 (11.66)

14.97 (25.13)

0.525

Renal, n (%)

209 (41.88%)

74 (36.45%)

0.177

CNS, n (%)

85 (17.03%)

28 (13.79%)

0.289

Mucocutaneous, n (%)

445 (89.18%)

190 (93.60%)

0.071

  1. BMI body mass index, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand, CNS central nervous system, dsDNA double-stranded deoxyribose nucleic acid, SLEDAI systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index, *p < 0.05