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Fig. 1 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: The role of the sirtuin family in cartilage and osteoarthritis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Fig. 1

The role of the SIRT family in maintaining chondrocyte function. A SIRT in maintaining ECM homeostasis. B SIRT in regulating chondrocyte metabolism. C SIRT in preventing chondrocyte senescence. D SIRT in decreasing chondrocyte apoptosis and enhancing chondrocyte autophagy. Abbreviations: SIRT, sirtuins; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; SIRT2, sirtuin 2; SIRT3, sirtuin 3; SIRT4, sirtuin 4; SIRT5, sirtuin 5; SIRT6, sirtuin 6; SIRT7, sirtuin 7; ECM, extracellular matrix; Col2, type 2 collagen; HA, hyaluronan; MMP-13, matrix metalloproteinase-13; SOX9, SRY-Box transcription factor 9; FOXO4, forkhead box O-4; HAS2, hyaluronan synthase 2; Runx2, Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2; NAMPT, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; HIF-2α, hypoxia-inducible factor-2α; LOX-1, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; Mak, protein lysine malonylation; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Akt, protein kinase B; NAD + , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; p-AMPK, phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; MFN2, mitofusin-2; FOXO1, forkhead box O-1; ATGs, autophagy-related proteins

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