1:20 age-matched and sex-matched population | 1:2 PSM population | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure alone | Model 2a: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure + demographic variables | Model 3a: model 2 + medical utilization and comorbidities at baseline | Model 2b: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure + demographic variables | Model 3b: model 2 + medical utilization and comorbidities at baseline | Model A: conditional Cox model with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure alone | Model B: conditional Cox model with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism | |
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | 6.44 (4.97–8.33) | 5.05 (3.84–6.65) | 3.84 (2.84–5.19) | 3.41 (2.28–5.10) | |||
Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism | |||||||
No Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, no hyperthyroidism, and no hypothyroidism | 6.89 (4.74–10.02) | 5.36 (3.65–7.89) | 3.81 (2.51–5.79) | 3.10 (1.83–5.24) | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism only | 3.45 (1.54–7.76) | 2.75 (1.21–6.23) | 2.66 (1.17–6.05) | 1.82 (0.71–4.61) | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hypothyroidism only | 7.20 (4.96–10.47) | 5.74 (3.91–8.43) | 4.43 (2.94–6.67) | 4.21 (2.60–6.82) | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism | 6.29 (3.11–12.73) | 4.67 (2.29–9.51) | 3.43 (1.63–7.23) | 3.97 (1.85–8.52) | |||
Sex—male | 0.18 (0.09–0.37) | 0.17 (0.08–0.34) | 0.19 (0.10–0.39) | 0.17 (0.09–0.35) | 0.19 (0.10–0.39) | ||
Age | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 (0.99–1.001) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–1.001) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | ||
Urbanization | |||||||
Urban | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Suburban | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 0.98 (0.76–1.26) | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 0.98 (0.76–1.27) | ||
Rural | 1.09 (0.81–1.48) | 1.19 (0.88–1.62) | 1.16 (0.85–1.58) | 1.19 (0.88–1.61) | 1.16 (0.85–1.58) | ||
Low income (≤ median 21,000 NTD/month) | 1.08 (0.87–1.34) | 1.05 (0.84–1.31) | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 1.04 (0.84–1.30) | 1.02 (0.81–1.27) | ||
3 months before the index date | |||||||
Times of visiting the outpatient department | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.97 (0.95–1.000) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.97 (0.95–1.001) | ||
Length of hospital stays* | |||||||
0 days | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
1–6 days | 2.09 (1.04–4.22) | 1.35 (0.66–2.74) | 1.09 (0.52–2.30) | 1.36 (0.67–2.78) | 1.12 (0.53–2.37) | ||
≥ 7 days | 5.34 (2.84–10.02) | 2.30 (1.18–4.49) | 2.08 (1.04–4.16) | 2.30 (1.18–4.50) | 2.07 (1.03–4.16) | ||
3 months after the index date | |||||||
Times of visiting the outpatient department | 1.07 (1.06–1.08) | 1.06 (1.03–1.08) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | 1.06 (1.03–1.08) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | ||
Length of hospital stays* | |||||||
0 days | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
1–6 days | 2.93 (1.77–4.85) | 2.00 (1.20–3.33) | 1.36 (0.78–2.36) | 2.03 (1.22–3.39) | 1.36 (0.78–2.36) | ||
≥7 days | 10.17 (6.75–15.32) | 5.99 (3.84–9.35) | 3.77 (2.33–6.11) | 6.06 (3.88–9.46) | 3.80 (2.35–6.16) | ||
Co-morbidity | |||||||
1 previous year of the index date: OPD visits × 3, admission × 1 | |||||||
RA | 21.73 (13.67–34.55) | 4.21 (2.36–7.52) | 4.18 (2.33–7.48) | ||||
SS | 46.80 (31.94–68.59) | 8.12 (4.86–13.58) | 8.01 (4.77–13.46) | ||||
SSc | 109.05 (35.03–339.49) | 3.28 (0.91–11.88) | 3.46 (0.94–12.72) | ||||
Vasculitis | 89.68 (33.46–240.33) | 6.77 (2.19–20.88) | 6.48 (2.09–20.13) | ||||
Hypertension | 1.27 (0.92–1.76) | 1.30 (0.88–1.94) | 1.30 (0.87–1.93) | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 0.63 (0.34–1.19) | 0.48 (0.25–0.95) | 0.49 (0.25–0.96) | ||||
Hyperlipidemia | 1.04 (0.61–1.78) | 0.83 (0.47–1.48) | 0.82 (0.46–1.45) | ||||
Coronary artery disease | 1.15 (0.57–2.31) | 0.71 (0.33–1.52) | 0.71 (0.33–1.53) | ||||
Osteoporosis | 5.08 (2.97–8.68) | 2.75 (1.54–4.92) | 2.74 (1.54–4.91) | ||||
Cerebral vascular accident | 1.93 (0.96–3.90) | 1.19 (0.55–2.57) | 1.17 (0.54–2.53) | ||||
COPD/asthma | 2.27 (1.35–3.81) | 1.48 (0.85–2.56) | 1.47 (0.85–2.55) | ||||
Chronic kidney disease | 1.64 (0.41–6.59) | 1.42 (0.35–5.82) | 1.40 (0.34–5.76) | ||||
Chronic liver diseases | 3.37 (2.14–5.29) | 2.24 (1.37–3.65) | 2.22 (1.36–3.62) | ||||
Pancreatitis | 4.04 (0.57–28.78) | 0.78 (0.10–6.22) | 0.78 (0.10–6.29) | ||||
Affective psychosis | 1.28 (0.32–5.15) | 0.47 (0.10–2.16) | 0.48 (0.11–2.18) | ||||
Ankylosing spondylitis | 4.63 (0.65–32.92) | 0.76 (0.08–7.10) | 0.81 (0.09–7.33) | ||||
IBD | 0.00 (0.00–1.97E141) | 0.00 (0.00–4.81E157) | 0.00 (0.00–3.17E156) | ||||
HIV infection | 0.00 (0.00–2.91E146) | 0.00 (0.00–9.99E999) | 0.00 (0.00–9.99E999) | ||||
AIHA | 408.92 (57.36–2915.47) | 133.16 (17.51–1012.64) | 125.86 (16.48–961.45) | ||||
ITP | 44.25 (11.02–177.67) | 15.18 (3.63–63.38) | 15.42 (3.68–64.63) |