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Table 7 Cox proportional hazard regressions for the estimation of adjusted HRs. Follow-up duration of samples 6 months

From: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis increases the risk of new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based cohort study

 

1:20 age-matched and sex-matched population

1:2 PSM population

Model 1: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure alone

Model 2a: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure + demographic variables

Model 3a: model 2 + medical utilization and comorbidities at baseline

Model 2b: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure + demographic variables

Model 3b: model 2 + medical utilization and comorbidities at baseline

Model A: conditional Cox model with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure alone

Model B: conditional Cox model with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

6.58 (5.02–8.61)

5.26 (3.95–7.01)

4.13 (3.02–5.65)

  

3.54 (2.33–5.36)

 

Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism

 No Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Ref.

  

Ref.

Ref.

 

Ref.

 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, no hyperthyroidism, and no hypothyroidism

6.91 (4.67–10.25)

  

5.58 (3.72–8.36)

4.10 (2.65–6.36)

 

3.22 (1.87–5.53)

 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism only

3.85 (1.71–8.65)

  

3.11 (1.37–7.05)

2.97 (1.30–6.75)

 

1.98 (0.78–5.05)

 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hypothyroidism only

7.21 (4.86–10.68)

  

5.79 (3.86–8.68)

4.65 (3.03–7.14)

 

4.25 (2.57–7.03)

 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

6.99 (3.45–14.15)

  

5.26 (2.57–10.76)

3.94 (1.87–8.33)

 

4.33 (2.01–9.32)

Sex—male

0.20 (0.10–0.41)

0.19 (0.10–0.39)

0.21 (0.11–0.43)

0.20 (0.10–0.40)

0.21 (0.11–0.43)

  

Age

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.99 (0.99–1.001)

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.99 (0.99–1.001)

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

  

Urbanization

 Urban

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  

 Suburban

0.98 (0.76–1.28)

1.05 (0.80–1.37)

1.03 (0.79–1.35)

1.05 (0.80–1.37)

1.04 (0.79–1.35)

  

 Rural

1.05 (0.76–1.45)

1.14 (0.82–1.58)

1.10 (0.79–1.53)

1.14 (0.82–1.58)

1.10 (0.79–1.53)

  

Low income (≤ median 21,000 NTD/month)

1.06 (0.84–1.34)

1.04 (0.82–1.31)

1.02 (0.80–1.29)

1.04 (0.82–1.31)

1.01 (0.80–1.28)

  

3 months before the index date

Times of visiting the outpatient department

1.06 (1.05–1.08)

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.97 (0.94–1.01)

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.97 (0.94–1.01)

  

Length of hospital stays*

  0 days

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  

  1–6 days

1.72 (0.77–3.86)

1.09 (0.48–2.48)

0.93 (0.40–2.17)

1.11 (0.49–2.51)

0.95 (0.40–2.22)

  

  ≥ 7 days

4.79 (2.37–9.67)

2.11 (1.01–4.41)

1.90 (0.88–4.09)

2.10 (1.004–4.41)

1.90 (0.88–4.08)

  

6 months after the index date

Times of visiting the outpatient department

1.04 (1.03–1.04)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

  

Length of hospital stays*

  0 days

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  

  1–6 days

3.35 (2.24–5.03)

2.51 (1.66–3.80)

2.05 (1.33–3.17)

2.55 (1.69–3.85)

2.06 (1.33–3.19)

  

  ≥ 7 days

7.08 (4.72–10.61)

4.63 (2.99–7.19)

3.46 (2.17–5.50)

4.66 (3.00–7.23)

3.47 (2.18–5.53)

  

Co-morbidity

1 previous year of the index date: OPD visits × 3, admission × 1

  RA

18.76 (11.16–31.55)

 

3.37 (1.77–6.42)

 

3.34 (1.75–6.38)

  

  SS

42.89 (28.24–65.16)

 

7.49 (4.33–12.96)

 

7.45 (4.28–12.94)

  

  SSc

120.88 (38.75–377.04)

 

3.98 (1.08–14.59)

 

4.12 (1.10–15.42)

  

  Vasculitis

98.63 (36.76–264.64)

 

6.66 (2.11–21.07)

 

6.33 (1.98–20.28)

  

  Hypertension

1.35 (0.96–1.89)

 

1.42 (0.94–2.14)

 

1.41 (0.94–2.13)

  

  Diabetes mellitus

0.71 (0.38–1.33)

 

0.53 (0.27–1.05)

 

0.54 (0.27–1.05)

  

  Hyperlipidemia

1.08 (0.62–1.88)

 

0.83 (0.46–1.51)

 

0.82 (0.45–1.50)

  

  Coronary artery disease

1.28 (0.63–2.58)

 

0.83 (0.39–1.78)

 

0.83 (0.39–1.78)

  

  Osteoporosis

5.20 (2.99–9.07)

 

2.97 (1.62–5.42)

 

2.95 (1.62–5.39)

  

  Cerebral vascular accident

1.62 (0.72–3.63)

 

1.04 (0.44–2.47)

 

1.03 (0.44–2.44)

  

  COPD/asthma

2.00 (1.12–3.56)

 

1.25 (0.68–2.33)

 

1.24 (0.67–2.32)

  

  Chronic kidney disease

1.86 (0.46–7.48)

 

1.47 (0.36–6.05)

 

1.45 (0.35–5.98)

  

  Chronic liver diseases

3.35 (2.08–5.40)

 

2.34 (1.41–3.91)

 

2.32 (1.39–3.87)

  

  Pancreatitis

4.53 (0.64–32.28)

 

1.13 (0.15–8.80)

 

1.14 (0.15–8.91)

  

  Affective psychosis

1.42 (0.35–5.69)

 

0.52 (0.11–2.46)

 

0.53 (0.11–2.47)

  

  Ankylosing spondylitis

5.11 (0.72–36.31)

 

0.76 (0.08–7.38)

 

0.79 (0.08–7.57)

  

  IBD

0.00 (0.00–1.05E148)

 

0.00 (0.00–2.28E174)

 

0.00 (0.00–1.49E174)

  

  HIV infection

0.00 (0.00–2.85E155)

 

0.00 (0.00–9.99E999)

 

0.00 (0.00–9.99E999)

  

  AIHA

0.02 (0.00–2.33E144)

 

0.00 (0.00–9.99E999)

 

0.00 (0.00–9.99E999)

  

  ITP

24.38 (3.43–173.51)

 

8.72 (1.19–63.99)

 

8.79 (1.19–64.67)