1:20 age-matched and sex-matched population | 1:2 PSM population | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure alone | Model 2a: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure + demographic variables | Model 3a: model 2 + medical utilization and comorbidities at baseline | Model 2b: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure + demographic variables | Model 3b: model 2 + medical utilization and comorbidities at baseline | Model A: conditional Cox model with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure alone | Model B: conditional Cox model with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis exposure, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism | |
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | 6.58 (5.02–8.61) | 5.26 (3.95–7.01) | 4.13 (3.02–5.65) | 3.54 (2.33–5.36) | |||
Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism | |||||||
No Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, no hyperthyroidism, and no hypothyroidism | 6.91 (4.67–10.25) | 5.58 (3.72–8.36) | 4.10 (2.65–6.36) | 3.22 (1.87–5.53) | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism only | 3.85 (1.71–8.65) | 3.11 (1.37–7.05) | 2.97 (1.30–6.75) | 1.98 (0.78–5.05) | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hypothyroidism only | 7.21 (4.86–10.68) | 5.79 (3.86–8.68) | 4.65 (3.03–7.14) | 4.25 (2.57–7.03) | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism | 6.99 (3.45–14.15) | 5.26 (2.57–10.76) | 3.94 (1.87–8.33) | 4.33 (2.01–9.32) | |||
Sex—male | 0.20 (0.10–0.41) | 0.19 (0.10–0.39) | 0.21 (0.11–0.43) | 0.20 (0.10–0.40) | 0.21 (0.11–0.43) | ||
Age | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 (0.99–1.001) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–1.001) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | ||
Urbanization | |||||||
Urban | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Suburban | 0.98 (0.76–1.28) | 1.05 (0.80–1.37) | 1.03 (0.79–1.35) | 1.05 (0.80–1.37) | 1.04 (0.79–1.35) | ||
Rural | 1.05 (0.76–1.45) | 1.14 (0.82–1.58) | 1.10 (0.79–1.53) | 1.14 (0.82–1.58) | 1.10 (0.79–1.53) | ||
Low income (≤ median 21,000 NTD/month) | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | 1.02 (0.80–1.29) | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | ||
3 months before the index date | |||||||
Times of visiting the outpatient department | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | ||
Length of hospital stays* | |||||||
0 days | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
1–6 days | 1.72 (0.77–3.86) | 1.09 (0.48–2.48) | 0.93 (0.40–2.17) | 1.11 (0.49–2.51) | 0.95 (0.40–2.22) | ||
≥ 7 days | 4.79 (2.37–9.67) | 2.11 (1.01–4.41) | 1.90 (0.88–4.09) | 2.10 (1.004–4.41) | 1.90 (0.88–4.08) | ||
6 months after the index date | |||||||
Times of visiting the outpatient department | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | ||
Length of hospital stays* | |||||||
0 days | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
1–6 days | 3.35 (2.24–5.03) | 2.51 (1.66–3.80) | 2.05 (1.33–3.17) | 2.55 (1.69–3.85) | 2.06 (1.33–3.19) | ||
≥ 7 days | 7.08 (4.72–10.61) | 4.63 (2.99–7.19) | 3.46 (2.17–5.50) | 4.66 (3.00–7.23) | 3.47 (2.18–5.53) | ||
Co-morbidity | |||||||
1 previous year of the index date: OPD visits × 3, admission × 1 | |||||||
RA | 18.76 (11.16–31.55) | 3.37 (1.77–6.42) | 3.34 (1.75–6.38) | ||||
SS | 42.89 (28.24–65.16) | 7.49 (4.33–12.96) | 7.45 (4.28–12.94) | ||||
SSc | 120.88 (38.75–377.04) | 3.98 (1.08–14.59) | 4.12 (1.10–15.42) | ||||
Vasculitis | 98.63 (36.76–264.64) | 6.66 (2.11–21.07) | 6.33 (1.98–20.28) | ||||
Hypertension | 1.35 (0.96–1.89) | 1.42 (0.94–2.14) | 1.41 (0.94–2.13) | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 0.71 (0.38–1.33) | 0.53 (0.27–1.05) | 0.54 (0.27–1.05) | ||||
Hyperlipidemia | 1.08 (0.62–1.88) | 0.83 (0.46–1.51) | 0.82 (0.45–1.50) | ||||
Coronary artery disease | 1.28 (0.63–2.58) | 0.83 (0.39–1.78) | 0.83 (0.39–1.78) | ||||
Osteoporosis | 5.20 (2.99–9.07) | 2.97 (1.62–5.42) | 2.95 (1.62–5.39) | ||||
Cerebral vascular accident | 1.62 (0.72–3.63) | 1.04 (0.44–2.47) | 1.03 (0.44–2.44) | ||||
COPD/asthma | 2.00 (1.12–3.56) | 1.25 (0.68–2.33) | 1.24 (0.67–2.32) | ||||
Chronic kidney disease | 1.86 (0.46–7.48) | 1.47 (0.36–6.05) | 1.45 (0.35–5.98) | ||||
Chronic liver diseases | 3.35 (2.08–5.40) | 2.34 (1.41–3.91) | 2.32 (1.39–3.87) | ||||
Pancreatitis | 4.53 (0.64–32.28) | 1.13 (0.15–8.80) | 1.14 (0.15–8.91) | ||||
Affective psychosis | 1.42 (0.35–5.69) | 0.52 (0.11–2.46) | 0.53 (0.11–2.47) | ||||
Ankylosing spondylitis | 5.11 (0.72–36.31) | 0.76 (0.08–7.38) | 0.79 (0.08–7.57) | ||||
IBD | 0.00 (0.00–1.05E148) | 0.00 (0.00–2.28E174) | 0.00 (0.00–1.49E174) | ||||
HIV infection | 0.00 (0.00–2.85E155) | 0.00 (0.00–9.99E999) | 0.00 (0.00–9.99E999) | ||||
AIHA | 0.02 (0.00–2.33E144) | 0.00 (0.00–9.99E999) | 0.00 (0.00–9.99E999) | ||||
ITP | 24.38 (3.43–173.51) | 8.72 (1.19–63.99) | 8.79 (1.19–64.67) |