Fig. 5

Both TGF-β and urate demonstrate pro-inflammatory effects in a priming model without a synergistic effect. Adherent monocytes isolated from healthy volunteers (n = 6) were treated with dose-ranging concentrations of recombinant TGF-β and/or urate (50 mg/dL) for 24 h after which cells were washed and stimulated with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B) and IL-Ra (C) were measured in the supernatant after 48 h culture