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Fig. 1 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: The genetic liability to rheumatoid arthritis may decrease hepatocellular carcinoma risk in East Asian population: a Mendelian randomization study

Fig. 1

Directed acyclic graph of the MR framework investigating the causal relationship between RA and HCC. Instrumental variable assumptions: (1) the genetic instrument variables (GIVs) must be strongly associated with RA, (2) the GIVs must not be associated with any potential confounder of the RA vs. HCC relationship, and (3) the GIVs should only affect the risk of HCC through RA. SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; MR, Mendelian randomization

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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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