Fig. 1

Histological changes in the cartilage, synovium, and bone observed in injury-induced mouse models of OA, the STR/ort mouse, and human patients. A range of pathological changes occurs in joint tissues during disease development in mouse models of OA. While these changes are also evident in human disease, there is heterogeneity between patients in the array of changes present and only a subset, rather than the full spectrum of pathological changes may be present in any one patient with OA. These differences are highlighted in blue text. In addition to cartilage, bone, and synovium, pathological changes in other joint tissues such as the ligaments, meniscus, and fat pad as well as systemic factors such as hormone levels, inflammation also contribute to disease. Differences in histological observations between injury-induced mouse models and the STR/ort mouse are highlighted in red text. The figure was created using Biorender.com