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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants (total study population)

From: Association between skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a case–control study

Characteristic

Control (n = 20)

RA (n = 24)

p-value

Age, years

56 (46, 60)

57 (50, 61)

0.77

Female sex (%)

17 (85)

21 (88)

 > 0.99

Race (%)

  

0.81

 White

17 (85)

21 (88)

 

 Black or African American

3 (15)

2 (8)

 

 More than one race

0 (0)

1 (4)

 

Smoking status (%)

  

0.26

 Never smoked

16 (80)

13 (54)

 

 Past smoker

2 (10)

6 (25)

 

 Current smoker

2 (10)

5 (21)

 

Co-morbidities

 Dyslipidemia (%)

1 (5)

7 (29)

0.05

 Systemic hypertension (%)

0 (0)

6 (25)

0.03

 COPD/emphysema (%)

0 (0)

1 (4)

 > 0.99

Anthropometrics

 BMI, kg/m2

26.1 (23.3, 30.8)

28.5 (24.7, 30.1)

0.36

 Waist-to-hip ratio

0.85 (0.82, 0.90)

0.89 (0.85, 0.93)

0.10

 Fat-free mass index (kg/m2)

15.6 (14.9, 17.3)

16.4 (15.5, 17.6)

0.51

 Fat mass index (kg/m2)

9.8 (7.2, 12.0)

11.4 (8.8, 13.2)

0.31

Physical activity measures

 IPAQ, total MET-minutes/week

4810 (2210, 13,150)

1598 (1043, 4984)

 < 0.01

 IPAQ Moderate intensity MET-min/week

2055 (120, 4,178)

1155 (409, 2632)

0.35

 IPAQ Vigorous intensity MET-min/week

1080 (0, 3,420)

0 (0, 0)

 < 0.01

Accelerometer (n = 19, 22)

 MET Rate (kcals hourly equivalent)

1.11 (1.07, 1.19)

1.05 (1.02, 1.07)

 < 0.01

 Total activity count/day (in millions)

1.41 (0.88, 1.83)

0.93 (0.73, 1.16)

0.06

 MVPA/day

121 (87, 149)

94 (43, 114)

0.03

 Step counts/day

10,499 (8354, 13,429)

5394 (3721, 8748)

 < 0.01

Serum C-reactive protein mg/L (n = 20,21)

1.34 (0.75, 2.69)

1.11 (0.54, 1.55)

0.33

Matsuda index

7.17 (5.83, 7.75)

3.95 (2.33, 5.64)

0.02