Systemic lupus erythematosus induced by anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy: a French national survey

Table 2 General presentation of the 12 patients with 'complete lupus'

Patient	Before anti-TNF alpha treatment				During onset of symptoms
	Disease	Autoantibody	Clinical signs of lupus	Treatment	Duration of treatment (months)	Clinical signs of lupus^a	Biological signs of lupus
1	RA, RF+, erosive	None	None	INF	27	General, skin, serositis, lung	ANA+, dsDNA+, ACL+, leucopenia, thrombopenia, ENA+
2	RA, RF+, erosive	ANA+, Ro+	None	INF	4	General, skin (3), arthritis	ANA+, dsDNA+, histone +
3	RA, RF+, erosive	ANA+, Ro+	None	INF	2	Skin, myalgias, arthritis	ANA+, dsDNA+, ENA+,
4	RA, RF-, erosive	None	None	ETA	4	General, skin (2), myositis	ANA+, dsDNA+, ACL+, low C4, ENA+
5	RA, RF+, erosive	None	None	INF	4	Skin (3), myositis, arthritis, pericarditis	ANA+, dsDNA+, ACL+, CPK, lymphopenia
6	RA, RF+, erosive	ANA+, dsDNA+ limit value	None	ETA	5	General, skin	ANA+, dsDNA+, thrombopenia, leucopenia
7	RA, RF+, erosive	None	None	INF	10	General, serositis, myositis	ANA+, dsDNA+, ACL+, leucopenia, thrombopenia, CPK,
8	RA, RF+	None	None	ETA	2	Phlebitis, skin	ANA+, dsDNA+, leucopenia, ACL+, thrombopenia
9	Psoriatic arthritis	None	None	INF	14	General, skin, neurological	ANA+, dsDNA+
10	RA, RF+, erosive	None	None	INF	16	General, Skin, arthritis	ANA+, dsDNA+
11	RA, RF+, erosive	None	None	INF	12	General, skin (3), arthritis, myositis	ANA+, dsDNA+, ENA+, CPK
12	RA, RF+, erosive	None	None	INF	10	General, skin, arthritis	ANA+, dsDNA+, CPK, ENA+, ACL+, low C4, histone+, leucopenia, lymphopenia, Coombs test+

ACL, positive anticardiolipin antibodies; ANA, antinuclear antibodies; CPK, creatin phospokinase or muscle enyme, elevated muscle enzymes; dsDNA, double-strand DNA; ENA, positive anti-extractable nuclear antigens antibodies; ETA, etanercept; general, general manifestations (fever, weight loss, asthenia); histone, positive anti-histone antibodies; INF, infliximab; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RF, rheumatoid factor; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; +, positive; -, negative.
^aThe skin manifestations were as follows (number in parentheses indicates number of skin manifestations observed in one patient): maculo papular rash observed in six patients, butterfly rash observed in five patients, alopecia present in one patient, photosensitivity observed in five patients, purpuric lesions observed in two patients. One patient had no skin manifestations, seven patients had one sign, one patient had two different signs, and three patients had three skin manifestations.

ISSN: 1478-6362