Table 1 Important microbial ligands of Toll-like receptors
From: Molecular mechanisms of autoimmunity triggered by microbial infection
Receptor | Ligand | Pathogen |
|---|---|---|
TLR1 | Triacyl lipopeptides | Bacteria, mycobacteria |
TLR2 | Peptidoglycan | Gram-positive bacteria |
| Â | Lipoteichoic acid | Gram-positive bacteria |
| Â | Lipoprotein, lipopetides | Different pathogens |
| Â | Atypical lipopolysaccharide | Leptospira interrogans |
| Â | Glycoinositolphospholipids | Trypanozoma cruzii |
| Â | Zymosan | Fungi |
TLR3 | Double-stranded RNA | Viruses |
TLR4 | Lipopolysaccharide | Gram-negative bacteria |
| Â | Fusion protein | Respiratory syncytial virus |
| Â | Taxol | Plants |
TLR5 | Flagellin | Bacteria |
TLR6 | Diacyl lipopeptides | Mycoplasma |
TLR7 | Single-stranded RNA | Viruses |
| Â | Imidazoquinoline, Loxoribine, Bropirimine | Synthetic compounds |
TLR8 | Single-stranded RNA | Viruses |
| Â | Imidazoquinoline | Synthetic compounds |
TLR9 | CpG-DNA | Bacteria, viruses |
| Â | Hemozoin | Plasmodium falciparum |
TLR10 | Nd | Nd |
TLR11 | Nd | Uropathogenic E. coli |
| Â | Profilin-like molecule | Toxoplasma gondii |