The role of leptin in innate and adaptive immune responses

Table 1 Effects of leptin or leptin receptor deficiency and leptin administration in experimental models of innate immune response in rodents

Model	WT mice/rats	ob/ob mice	Ob-R-deficient mice/rats	Leptin administration	References
LPS-induced lethality	Fasted mice:	↑ Susceptibility		Fasted WT mice: effect reversed	[57]
	↑ Susceptibility	↓ IL-10
	↑ TNF-α	↓ IL-1Ra		ob/ob mice: effect partly reversed
	↓ Interferon-γ
LPS ip		↓ TNF-α	fa/fa rats:		[64]
		↓ IL-6	↓ TNF-α
			↓ IL-6
LPS-induced hepatotoxicity		↑ Sensitivity	fa/fa rats:		[60]
		↓ Hepatic CD4+NK	↑ Sensitivity
		T cells	↑ IFN-γ mRNA
		↑ Serum IL-18	↓ IL-12 mRNA
		↑ Hepatic IL-18 and IL-12
		↓ Hepatic IL-10
		↑ IFN-γ
TNF-α-induced lethality	Fasted mice:	↑ Susceptibility	↑ Susceptibility	Fasted WT mice: effect not reversed	[58]
	↑ Susceptibility
	Leptin antagonist:			Leptin antagonist: effect partly reversed
	↑ Susceptibility
				ob/ob mice: effect reversed
Pancreatitis				WT rats: protective effects	[62]
				↑ IL-4
				↓ TNF-α and IL-1β
Escherichia coli iv infusion		↓ Clearance			[64]
		Smaller fraction of E. coli killed
Klebsiella pneumoniae intratracheal challenge	↑ Leptin after infection	↑ Mortality			[65]
		↑ Bacterial counts in lungs and blood
Candida albicans iv infusion			fa/fa rats:		[66]
			↑ Yeast/g organ
Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis	↓ Leptin production			WT mice:	[55]
				↓ Severity
				↓ IL-6
Zymosan-induced arthritis		↑ Joint inflammation	↑ Joint inflammation		[90]
		↑ SAA and IL-6	↑ SAA and IL-6

Up and down arrows indicate increase and decrease, respectively. ip, intraperitoneal; iv, intravenous; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ob/ob, leptin deficient mice; Ob-R, leptin receptor; SAA, serum amyloid A; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; WT, wild-type.

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