Mesenchymal stromal cells. Nurse-like cells reside in the synovial tissue and bone marrow in rheumatoid arthritis

Table 1 Effects of co-culture on production of cytokines from rheumatoid arthritis nurse-like cells (RA-NLCs)

	Cytokines in cell culture supernatant (pg/ml)^a									IgM (μg/ml)^a
										Experiment	Experiment
	IL-1α	IL-1β	IL-6	IL-7	IL-8	G-CSF	GM-CSF	TNFα	TNFβ	2	3
Cytokine production from RA-NLCs derived from synovium and immunoglobulin from B cells^b [6]
RA-SNCs	<5.0	<10.0	2,200		4,300	460	40	<5.0	<5.0	<1.5	<1.5
B cells	<5.0	<10.0	<10.0		<10.0	<10.0	<2.5	<5.0	<5.0	1.8	2.7
B cells + RA-SNCs (separated)^c	<5.0	<10.0	1,800		3,900	510	30	<5.0	<5.0	<1.5	<1.5
B cells + RA-SNCs	<5.0	153	15,900		34,500	2,400	740	690	<5.0	5.6	8.6
Cytokine production from RA-NLCs derived from bone marrow cells^d [5]
RA-BMNC-1 cell line	-	-	38,250	-	1,480	-	150	-
+ MC/car cell line	-	320	89,015	-	33,510	755	915	275
+ Molt-17 cell line	-	235	78,750	-	10,615	540	355	255

RA-BMNCs, cytokine production from RA-NLCs derived from bone marrow cells; RA-SNCs, cytokine production from RA-NLCs derived from synovium; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor; -, not detectable. ^aThe amount of each cytokine and IgM in the culture supernatant was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. ^bB-cell clones (1 × 10⁵) and RA-SNC3 (5 × 10⁴) were cultured under the indicated conditions for 3 days in 24-well plates. ^cB-cell clones were cultured in a Millicell culture insert. ^dRA-BMNC cells (3 × 10⁴ cells/well) were inoculated and cultured overnight, and 1 × 10⁶ cells MC/car cells or Molt-17 cells were added to the culture. After 5 days of incubation, the culture supernatants were collected and the amount of each cytokine in the culture supernatant was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

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