Cells of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. T lymphocytes

Table 1 Effector molecules induced by IL-17 from human cells

Molecule produced	Cell source	Major functional effects	Reference
IL-1β	FLS, Mono/Mac, Chond/OC	Inflammation, fever, synergy with IL-17	[52,53,55,58]
IL-6	FLS, Mono/Mac, Chond/OC	Acute-phase reaction, B-cell stimulation, Th17 differentiation	[51-53,58]
IL-23	FLS	Inflammation, Th 17 cell stimulation	[56]
TNF-α	Mono/Mac	Inflammation, synergy with IL-17	[52,53]
CXCL1 (GRO-α)	FLS, Chond/OC	Leukocyte recruitment	[55,60]
CXCL5 (LIX)	Chond/OC	Leukocyte recruitment	[60]
CXCL8 (IL-8)	FLS	Leukocyte recruitment	[51-53,55]
CCL2 (MCP-1)	FLS, Chond/OC	Leukocyte recruitment	[55,60]
CCL20 (MIP-3α)	FLS	Leukocyte recruitment	[54]
G-CSF	FLS	Granulopoiesis	[51]
GM-CSF	FLS	Granulopoiesis	[51–53]
VEGF	FLS, Chond/OC	Angiogenesis	[57,59]
Cyclooxygenase-2	FLS, Mono/Mac, Chond/OC	Inflammation	[52,58]
Prostaglandin E₂	FLS, Mono/Mac, Chond/OC	Inflammation	[51–53]
RANK/RANK ligand	Chond/OC	Osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption	[53]
Nitric oxide	Chond/OC	Tissue destruction	[52,53,58]
Matrix metalloproteinases	Mono/Mac, Chond/OC	Cartilage and tissue destruction	[53,60]

Chond/OC, chondrocytes and osteoclasts; FLS, fibroblast-like synoviocytes; G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor; GRO, growth-regulated oncogene; IL, interleukin; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP-3α, macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha; Mono/Mac, monocytes and macrophages; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

ISSN: 1478-6362