Skewed distribution of proinflammatory CD4+CD28nullT cells in rheumatoid arthritis

Table 1 Summary of patients investigated for CD4⁺CD28^null T cells in synovial membrane biopsies

Patient	Gender, age (years)	Disease duration (years)	Treatment^a	Erosive disease	CD3⁺ in synovial membrane^b	CD4⁺CD28^null T cells
						Peripheral blood (%)	Synovial fluid (%)	n/T-cell infiltrate^c	n/mm² T-cell infiltrate^c
>5% CD4⁺CD28^null T cells in peripheral blood
1	Female, 69	1	P, M	-	++	18	6	3	35
2	Female, 45	15	N, L	+	+	9.8	10.4	2.5	54
3	Female, 67	2.75	N	+	++	7.6	6.5	5	47
4	Female, 51	33	N, P	+	+++	13	1.5	4.7	48
5	Male, 74	26	N, P, E	+	++	8.6	2.7	0.8	5
6	Male, 38	22	N, M, E	+	++	8	0.8	2	39
<1% CD4⁺CD28^null T cells in peripheral blood
7	Male, 45	13	N	+	+	0	0.4	1.3	53
8	Male, 25	0.6	N, P, M	-	++	0	0.2	3	51
9	Female, 60	Several years	N, D	-	++	0	0.1	0	0
10	Male, 41	1	P	+	+++	0.4	0.8	4.5	67
11	Female, 66	10	M	+	++	0.4	0.6	0	0

^aP, prednisolone; M, methotrexate; N, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; L, leflunomid; E, etanercept; D, depomedrol. ^bRelative size of infiltrating CD3⁺ cells in the synovial membrane specimen: +, <25% T cells in the tissue area; ++, approximately 50% T cells in the tissue area; +++, >75% T cells in the tissue area. ^cAverage numbers of CD4⁺CD28^null T cells in one to five analysed infiltrates.

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