From: Biology and therapy of fibromyalgia. Evidence-based biomarkers for fibromyalgia syndrome
Reference | Year of study | Number of FM patients | Number of control individuals | Test stimuli (noxious stimuli) | Heterotopic conditioning noxious stimuli | Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Julien and colleagues [32] | 2005 | 30 | 30 HC, 30 CLBP | Water bath, cold, noxious | Water bath, cold, noxious | Diminished DNIC in FM patients, not CLBP |
Staud and colleagues [33] | 2003 | 11 | 22 females, 11 males | Wind up | Water bath, heat, noxious | Diminished DNIC in female HC and female FM patients |
Kosek and Hansson [30] | 1997 | 10 | 10 | CT, WT, HPT, CPT | Tourniquet | Diminished DNIC in FM patients |
Lautenbacher and Rollman [34] | 1997 | 25 | 26 | Electrical pain threshold Electrical detection | Thermode tonic cold thermal, noxious and non-noxious | Diminished DNIC in FM patients No difference |