Table 1 Rates of infections, mortality and infection related mortality in major studies on primary systemic vasculitis
From: Value of anti-infective chemoprophylaxis in primary systemic vasculitis: what is the evidence?
Study | Type of study | Indication | Intervention | Prophylaxis | N | Follow up (months) | Reported infections (classified as serious) | Type of serious infections (number of patients)a | Total deaths (%) | Death due to or in conjunction with infection (% of total deaths) | Type of infection leading to death (number of patients) b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Giant cell arteritis | |||||||||||
   Matteson et al. 1996 [4] | CS |  | GC | NI | 205 | 84 | NI | NI | 49 (24) | 3 (6) | NI |
   Chevalet et al. 2000 [5] | RCT |  | Oral GC ± initial GC iv pulse | None | 164 | 12 | 31 (22) | Pneu (20), Sep (1), Abs (1) | 5 (3) | 0 | NA |
   Jover et al. 2001 [6] | RCT |  | GC ± MTX | INH AA | 42 | 24 | 18 (4) | Pneu (1), TB (1), PN (1), CC (1) | 0 | 0 | NA |
   Hoffman et al. 2002 [7] | RCT |  | GC ± MTX | None | 98 | 12 | NI (3) | Pneu (1) | 3 (3) | 1 (33) | Pneu (1) |
   Mazlumzadeh et al. 2006 [8] | RCT |  | Oral GC ± initial GC iv pulse | None | 27 | 12 | 18 (0) | NA | 0 | 0 | NA |
   Hoffman et al. 2007 [9] | RCT |  | GC ± Inflix | TS | 44 | 5.5 | NI (2) | Histo (1), VZV (1) | 0 | 0 | NA |
   Martinez-Taboada et al. 2007 [10] | RCT |  | GC ± Eta | INH | 17 | 12 | 8 (0) | NA | 0 | 0 | NA |
Takayasu arteritis | |||||||||||
   Hoffman et al. 2004 [11] | UCT |  | GC + Inflix or Eta |  | 15 | 22 |  |  | 0 | 0 | NA |
Churg-Strauss syndrome/polyarteritis nodosa | |||||||||||
   Cohen et al. 2007 [12] | RCT | I | GC + 6 pulse CY versus 12 pulse CY | TS recommended | 48 | 42 | 21 (NI) | NI | 4 (8) | 3 (75) | CMV (1), Pneu (1) and NI |
   Gayraud et al. 1997 [13] | RCT | I | GC + pulse CY versus oral CY | None | 25 | 60.8 | 7 (NI) | NI | 1 (4) | 1 (100) | Pneu (1), Sep (1), Asp (1) |
   Guillevin et al. 1995 [14] | RCT | I | GC + pulse CY ± PE | TS | 62 | 33 | NI (9) | TB (3), Pneu (3), Sep (2), Sig (1) | 11 (17) | 2 (18) | Sep (1) and NI |
   Guillevin et al. 1992 [15] | RCT | I | GC ± PE | None | 78 | 44 | NI | NI | 15 (19) | 2 (13) | Sep (1) and NI |
   Guillevin et al. 1991 [16] | CS | I | GC + PE ± CY | None | 71 | 69 | NI | NI | 19 (27) | 5 (26) | Pneu/Sep (4), TB (1) |
Microscopic polyangitis | |||||||||||
   Nachman et al. 1996 [17] | CS | I | GC + CY | NI | 107 | 44 | NI | NI | 6 (6) | 2 (33) | Sep (2) |
Wegener's granulomatosis | |||||||||||
   Metzler et al. 2007 [18] | RCT | M | GC + Lef or MTX | None | 54 | 21 | 25 (0) | NA | 0 | 0 | NA |
   WGET Research Group 2005 [19] | RCT | I, M | GC + CY/MTX ± Eta | TS | 174 | 27 | NI | NI | 6 (3.5) | 2 (33) | Sep (2) |
   Schmitt et al. 2004 [20] | UCT | I | GC + ATG | Optional TS, optional fungi, optional CMV | 15 | 21.8 | NI (6) | Pneu (2), Abs (1), UTI (1), CMV (1), Col (1) | 2 (13) | 1 (50) | Pneu (1) |
   Metzler et al. 2004 [21] | UCT | M | GC + Lef | None | 20 | 21 | 9 (1) | Pneu (1) | 0 | 0 | NA |
   Bligny et al. 2004 [22] | CS | I, M | Mainly GC + CY | TS or Penta in most patients | 93 | 54 | NI (54) | PCP (12), Asp (5), VZV (3), CMV (6), Sep (8), Papo (1), TB (4), Abs (1), Toxo (2) | 25 (27) | 13 (52) | Sep (4), PCP (5), CMV (2), Pneu (3), Asp (3), TB (1), Papo (1) |
   Reinhold-Keller et al. 2002 [23] | UCT | M | GC + MTX | None | 71 | 25.2 | 7 (0) | NA | 2 (3) | 0 | NA |
   Mahr et al. 2001 [24] | CS | I | GC + CY | TS in most patients | 49 | 23 | NI (31) | PCP (19), Pneu (3), Asp (5), CMV (5), TB (2), VZV (2), Papo (1), Sep (2), SA (1) | 18 (37) | 7 (39) | PCP (5), Sep (1), Pneu (3), Asp (2), Papo (1), CMV (1) |
   Reinhold-Keller et al. 2000 [25] | CS | I, M | Mainly GC + CY followed by MTX or TS | TS in case of CY | 155 | 84 | NI (56) | Pneu (32), Sep (10), CMV (3), PCP (1) | 22 (14) | 5 (23) | Sep (4), Pneu (1) |
   Guillevin et al. 1997 [26] | RCT | I | GC + oral CY versus GC + pulse CY | TS in most patients after high incidence of PCP in the first patients | 50 | 27 | NI (25) | Pneu (3), Sep (3), SA (1), CMV (4), Papo (1), PCP (10) | 19 (38) | 9 (47) | PCP (6), Pneu (1), Sep (1), Papo (1) |
   de Groot et al. 1996 [27] | RCT | M | MTX versus TS ± GC | No additional | 65 | 22 | NI | NI | 0 | 0 | NA |
   Stegeman et al. 1996 [28] | RCT | M | Placebo versus TS | No additional | 81 | 24 | NI | NI | 1 (1.2) | 0 | NA |
   Sneller et al. 1995 [29] | UCT | I | GC + MTX | None | 42 | 19 | NI (4) | PCP (4) | 3 (7) | 2 (67) | PCP (2), Cryp (1) |
ANCA-associated vasculitis | |||||||||||
   Pagnoux et al. 2008 [30] | RCT | M | GC + MTX versus Aza | TS or Penta | 126 | 12 | 46 (6) | Sep (2) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (100) | Sep (1) |
   Walsh et al. 2008 [31] | UCT | I | GC + Campath-1H | Acyc, fungi | 71 | 60 | 31 (21) | Staph (10), CMV (2), PCP (2), Asp (2), Sal (19), Pseu (1), E. coli (1), Acti (1) | 31 (44) | 12 (39) | NI |
   Jayne et al. 2007 [1] | RCT | I | GC + oral CY + PE versus iv GC pulse | TS suggested | 137 | 12 | 61 (37) | NI | 35 (26) | 19 (54) | NI |
   de et al. Groot 2005 [32] | RCT | I | GC + CY versus MTX | Optional TS | 100 | 18 | 18 (8) | CMV (1), SA (1), Cory (1), Pneu (2), UTI (1) | 4 (4) | 1 (25) | CMV (1) |
   Booth et al. 2004 [33] | UCT | I | GC + Inflix ± CY | TS, fungi | 32 | 16.8 | NI (7) | Pneu (3), Sep (1), Abs (1), Opht (1) | 2 (6) | 1 (50) | Pneu (1) |
   Birck et al. 2003 [34] | UCT | I | GC + DSG | NI | 20 | 12 | NI | NI | 1 (5) | 1 (100) | PCP (1) |
   Jayne et al. 2003 [35] | RCT | I, M | GC + oral CY followed by GC + oral CY versus Aza | TS recommended | 155 | 18 | 33 (11) | NI | 8 (5) | 5 (63) | Pneu (2) and NI |
   Haubitz et al. 1998 [36] | RCT | I | GC + oral CY versus pulse CY | None | 47 | 40 | NI (13) | Sep (4), Pneu (5), VZV (1), CMV (1), Endo (1), SD (1) | 3 (6) | 3 (100) | Sep (3) |
   de Groot et al. 2009 [37] | RCT | I | GC + oral CY versus pulse CY | TS | 149 | 18 | 51 (17) | Pneu (3), Sep (3), Div (1), PCP (1), HSV (1), Abs (1) | 14 (9.4) | 6 (43) | Sep (6), PCP (1) |