Figure 4

Effect of glucosamine (GlcN) and NAPA on inhibitor κB kinase alpha (IKKα) nuclear translocation, analyzed by immunofluorescence. HTB-94 cells were untreated (CTL), stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) or pre-treated for 2 hours with 10 mM GlcN (G10) or NAPA (N10) and then stimulated with TNFα for 1 hour. Cells were then processed for indirect immunofluorescence and stained with anti-IKKα antibodies. Nuclei were stained with diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). NAPA, 2-(N-Acetyl)-L-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose.