MicroRNA | Source | Target mRNA | Affected pathway and final effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Systemic lupus erythematosus | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Down-regulated miRNAs |  |  |  |  |
miR-146a | PBMCs | TRAF6, IRAK1 | Type I IFN overproduction | [48] |
miR-125a | PBMCs | KLF13 | RANTES (CCL5) overproduction | [49] |
   Up-regulated miRNAs |  |  |  |  |
miR-21, miR-148a | PBMCs | RASGRP1, DNMT1 | DNA methylation | [50] |
miR-126 | PBMCs | DNMT1 | DNA methylation | [51] |
Rheumatoid arthritis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Down-regulated miRNAs |  |  |  |  |
miR-124a | Synoviocytes | CDK2, MCP-1 | Synovial cell proliferation, leukocyte chemotaxis, and angiogenesis | [63] |
   Up-regulated miRNAs |  |  |  |  |
miR-146a | PBMCs and fibroblasts from synovial tissue | TRAF6, IRAK1 | NF-kB, leading to prolonged production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β | |
miR-155 | Synovial tissue and fibroblast-like synoviocytes | - | MMP-3 and MMP-1 production, causing joint destruction | [56] |
miR-203 | Synovial fibroblasts | - | NF-kB, leading to increased production of MMP-1 and IL-6, and to the activated phenotype of synovial fibroblasts | [58] |
miR-223 | CD4+ naïve T cells | - | Unknown; possible role in RA pathogenesis? | [59] |
miR-346 | Fibroblast-like synoviocytes | IL-18 mRNA | LPS-induced Bruton's tyrosine kinase expression; turn-off IL-18 expression in response to LPS | [60] |
Sjögren's syndrome |  |  |  |  |
   Down-regulated miRNAs |  |  |  |  |
miR-17-92 cluster | Minor salivary glands | - | Accumulation of pro-B cells, marked reduction of pre-B and more mature B cells | [67] |
   Up-regulated miRNAs |  |  |  |  |
miR-146a | PBMCs of SS patients; PBMCs, salivary and lacrimal glands of SS mouse model | TRAF6, IRAK1 | NF-kB, causing increased phagocytic activity, suppressed inflammatory cytokine production | [69] |
Scleroderma | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Down-regulated miRNAs |  |  |  |  |
miR-29 | Skin fibroblasts and skin sections | COL3A1 | PDGF-B and TGF-β, leading to increased production of type I and type III collagen | [71] |
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
miR-146b, miR-155, miR-214, miR-221, miR-222 | Muscle specimens | - | NF-kB pathway (miR-146) | [73] |