a. Rome III diagnostic criteria for functional constipation [22] | Â |
1. Must include* two or more of the following:  - Straining during at least 25% of defecations  - Lumpy or hard stools in at least 25% of defecations  - Sensation of incomplete evacuation for at least 25% of defecations  - Sensation of anorectal obstruction/blockage for at least 25% of defecations  - Manual manoeuvres to facilitate at least 25% of defecations (e.g., digital evacuation, support of the pelvic floor)  - Fewer than three defecations per week 2. Loose stools are rarely present without the use of laxatives 3. Insufficient criteria for irritable bowel syndrome *criteria fulfilled for the last 3 months. |  |
b. Likert scale for the subjective evaluation of constipation [23] | Â |
0. Absent 1. Mild 2. Moderate 3. Severe 4. Very severe | Â |