Fig. 2

CT imaging reveals major changes in the spine, tail, sacroiliac, and hind joints of TgA86 mice. Forty-week-old TgA86 mice were imaged by CT. a Frontal view of the sacrum of TgA86 mice demonstrates fusion of the sacral vertebrae 3 and 4 (red arrow) as well as structural changes at the sacral ala (yellow box). b Fusion of the bodies (red arrow) as well as of the spinous processes (yellow arrow) of the sacral vertebrae is also seen in the sagittal view of the sacrum. c, d Sagittal (c) and frontal (d) views of the cervical and thoracic areas of the spine of TgA86 mice reveal hyperkyphosis and compressed vertebrae respectively. e CT imaging of the TgA86 tails reveals vertebral bridging and fusion (red arrowhead) while f CT imaging of the TgA86 hind limbs shows thickened metatarsal bones (red arrow) and phalanges (yellow arrow), as well as structural changes at the posterior calcaneus (blue arrow) and the knee joints