Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants
Characteristic | Total (n = 2622) | Without osteoarthritis (n = 2305) | With osteoarthritis (n = 317) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 48.1 (46.6–49.6) | 46.0 (44.6–47.4) | 62.4 (61.2–63.6) |  < 0.01 |
 < 60 | 1687 (71.7) | 1577 (76.5) | 110 (39.0) |  |
 ≥ 60 | 935 (28.3) | 728 (23.5) | 207 (61.0) |  |
Sex |  |  |  |  < 0.01 |
 Male | 1260 (47.8) | 1152 (50.3) | 108 (30.7) |  |
 Female | 1362 (52.2) | 1153 (49.7) | 209 (69.3) |  |
Race |  |  |  |  < 0.01 |
 Mexican American | 311 (7.3) | 284 (7.81) | 27 (3.9) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 232 (6.6) | 216 (7.2) | 16 (2.6) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 860 (63.6) | 693 (61.6) | 167 (77.6) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 641 (11.8) | 584 (12.4) | 57 (7.7) |  |
 Other Race | 578 (10.6) | 528 (11.0) | 50 (8.1) |  |
Educational level | Â | Â | Â | 0.26 |
 High school and below | 1648 (66.7) | 1447 (67.2) | 201 (63.4) |  |
 Some college and above | 971 (33.3) | 855 (32.8) | 116 (36.6) |  |
Married status | Â | Â | Â | 0.47 |
 Living with partner | 1007 (35.2) | 881 (35.6) | 126 (33.0) |  |
 Single | 1614 (64.8) | 1423 (64.4) | 191 (67.0) |  |
PIR | Â | Â | Â | 0.65 |
 ≤ 1.3 | 530 (15.7) | 480 (16.0) | 50 (13.3) |  |
 ≥ 1.3 to 3.5 | 917 (33.2) | 798 (33.4) | 119 (32.1) |  |
 ≥ 3.5 | 858 (51.1) | 745 (50.6) | 113 (54.6) |  |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.4 (28.9–30.0) | 29.2 (28.6–29.8) | 31.0 (29.9–32.2) |  < 0.01 |
WC, cm | 99.7 (98.5–101.0) | 99.0 (97.7–100.4) | 104.4 (101.6–107.2) |  < 0.01 |
ALT, U/L | 22.6 (22.0–23.3) | 22.7 (22.0–23.5) | 22.1 (19.6–24.5) | 0.66 |
AST, U/L | 21.7 (21.0–22.4) | 21.8 (20.9–22.6) | 21.1 (19.8–22.4) | 0.44 |
GGT, IU/L | 28.0 (26.5–29.5) | 28.1 (26.5–29.7) | 27.3 (23.9–30.6) | 0.66 |
UA, mg/dl | 5.3 (5.3–5.4) | 5.4 (5.3–5.4) | 5.3 (5.0–5.5) | 0.47 |
hs-CRP, mg/L | 3.6 (3.2–3.9) | 3.5 (3.1–3.9) | 3.9 (3.1–4.7) | 0.43 |
 < 2.5 | 1494 (62.1) | 1329 (62.9) | 165 (57.3) |  |
 ≥ 2.5 | 976 (37.9) | 837 (37.1) | 139 (42.7) |  |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | 0.02 |
 Never | 1685 (65.1) | 1509 (66.2) | 176 (58.1) |  |
 Former | 349 (10.5) | 308 (10.8) | 41 (9.0) |  |
 Current | 588 (24.3) | 488 (23.1) | 100 (32.9) |  |
Drinking status | Â | Â | Â | 0.66 |
 No | 432 (11.7) | 393 (11.9) | 39 (10.4) |  |
 Yes | 2190 (88.3) | 1912 (88.10) | 278 (89.6) |  |
Diabetes | 494 (14.1) | 403 (13.1) | 91 (20.8) | 0.02 |
Hypertension | 1122 (36.4) | 915 (33.3) | 207 (58.1) |  < 0.01 |
Obesity | 1044 (41.3) | 884 (39.6) | 160 (52.8) |  < 0.01 |
MetS | 476 (16.5) | 384 (15.4) | 92 (23.6) | 0.02 |
NAFLD | 1140 (41.5) | 970 (39.3) | 170 (57.0) |  < 0.01 |