Interaction of genetic variation at ADH1B and MLXIPL with alcohol consumption for elevated serum urate level and gout among people of European ethnicity

Table 3 Interaction terms between urate-associated SNPs and all alcohol intake (units/week) for serum urate level (μmol/L). Significant interactions highlighted in bold

Locus	SNP	Urate-raising allele	All participants (N = 431,555)				Men (N = 195,068)				Women (N = 236,487)
Locus	SNP	Urate-raising allele	Obs, %	IT (β)	SE	P-value	Obs, %	IT (β)	SE	P-value	Obs, %	IT (β)	SE	P-value
GCKR	rs1260326	T	80.0%	0.003	0.010	0.76	83.8%	1.73 × 10⁻⁵	0.014	0.99	76.9%	−0.035	0.018	0.06
KLB	rs11940694	G	77.6%	−0.015	0.014	0.29	81.3%	−0.017	0.019	0.36	74.5%	−0.032	0.026	0.22
*ADH1B*	rs1229984	T	80.0%	0.408	0.029	3.02 ×10⁻⁴⁴	83.8%	0.336	0.039	1.05 × 10⁻¹⁷	76.9%	0.543	0.051	1.36 × 10⁻²⁶
*MLXIPL*	rs6460047	T	79.6%	0.092	0.024	1.40 × 10⁻⁴	83.3%	0.098	0.032	0.002	76.5%	0.070	0.045	0.12
NFAT5	rs113441031	T	79.5%	0.015	0.011	0.15	83.2%	0.004	0.014	0.80	76.4%	0.025	0.019	0.20

Abbreviations: SNP Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Obs Observations (%), IT Interaction term for SNP (≥one urate-raising allele vs. none) × all alcohol intake (units/week), β unstandardised beta coefficient, SE Standard error
Adjusted for age, gender (all participants only), Townsend deprivation index, BMI, diuretics use, eGFR, high cholesterol, hypertension, cardiac problem, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, meat intake, fish intake, coffee intake, tea intake, fruit intake, vegetable intake, bread intake, cereal intake, and cheese intake
Although not associated with serum urate levels at genome-wide significance in the Tin et al. [6] GWAS, the ADH1B locus was included in the interaction analysis for serum urate after significant interactions with alcohol consumption were identified for gout
Bonferroni-corrected experiment-wide significance for each analysis: P < 0.01

ISSN: 1478-6362