Fig. 6

Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were elevated in YAOS. A Serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Serum was collected from patient 1 and patient 2; HC (n = 9). Analysis of YAOS was performed in duplicate. * p < 0.05, unpaired t-test. B The supernatants of PBMCs from patient 1 were collected after 22 h stimulation of LPS (10 ng/ml) and MDP (10 μg/ml). HC (n = 4). Analysis of YAOS was performed in triplicate. C Cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the supernatant of synovial cells from patient 1. OA (n = 3); RA (n = 3). Analysis of YAOS was performed in triplicate. HC, healthy control; OA, osteoarthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were detected using ELISA. mean ± SD was shown. ns represents no statistical significance. * p < 0.05, **** p-value < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA