Figure 6

Cytokine concentrations in joint extracts at different time points after the induction of antigen-induced arthritis. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sandwich technique (see Materials and Methods) and were calculated in relation to the protein concentration. Results are expressed as means and SEM for at least three animals per group. Significant changes in comparison with normal animals (N) are indicated by asterisks: (*) P ≤ 0.1, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01. n.d., cytokine content was not detectable by ELISA.