|
Crude OR (95% CI)
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)
|
---|
Age group (years)
| | |
75+
|
3.17 (3.01–3.34)
|
4.22 (3.95–4.51)
|
55 to ≤74
|
2.86 (2.74–2.99)
|
3.23 (3.06–3.40)
|
18–54
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
Female sex
|
1.61 (1.52–1.66)
|
1.52 (1.45–1.58)
|
Income level (lower)
|
0.72 (0.68–0.76)
|
0.90 (0.85–0.96)
|
Prior diagnosis of gastropathy
|
1.93 (1.75–2.11)
|
1.21 (1.08–1.36)
|
Prior gastrointestinal procedures
|
1.94 (1.71–2.22)
|
1.09 (0.94–1.27)
|
Prior dispensation of gastroprotective agents
|
2.37 (2.25–2.50)
|
1.57 (1.47–1.67)
|
Prior referral to gastroenterologist
|
1.89 (1.69–2.12)
|
1.23 (1.08–1.39)
|
Prior history of NSAID use
| | |
Recent, first time
|
2.39 (2.14–2.66)
|
2.17 (1.93–2.43)
|
Recent, chronic
|
1.58 (1.46–1.70)
|
1.21 (1.11–1.32)
|
>1 to 3 months
|
1.12 (1.06–1.19)
|
0.95 (0.89–1.01)
|
>3 to 12 months
|
0.93 (0.88–0.98)
|
0.84 (0.80–0.89)
|
No use in past year
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
Corticosteroids
|
1.72 (1.62–1.82)
|
1.16 (1.07–1.24)
|
Anticoagulants
|
2.53 (2.15–2.98)
|
1.56 (1.32–1.85)
|
Antidepressants
|
1.69 (1.59–1.80)
|
1.37 (1.28–1.46)
|
Benzodiazepines
|
1.87 (1.78–1.95)
|
1.20 (1.14–1.26)
|
Acetaminophen
|
1.85 (1.76–1.94)
|
1.41 (1.34–1.49)
|
Low dose ASA
|
0.85 (0.81–0.89)
|
0.56 (0.52–0.59)
|
Chronic Disease Score
| | |
10+
|
2.88 (2.65–3.14)
|
1.26 (1.13–1.41)
|
5–9
|
2.21 (2.10–2.32)
|
1.28 (1.20–1.37)
|
1–4
|
1.88 (1.80–1.97)
|
1.26 (1.19–1.33)
|
0
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
Specialist (versus GP)
|
0.99 (0.94–1.04)
|
0.89 (0.84–0.94)
|
Dosage
| | |
High dose
|
1.91 (1.80–2.03)
|
2.19 (2.06–2.33)
|
Low dose
|
0.40 (0.38–0.42)
|
0.29 (0.27–0.30)
|
Standard dose
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
Time period
| | |
January–June
|
0.72 (0.68–0.76)
|
0.54 (0.51–0.57)
|
July–Sept
|
1.02 (0.95–1.09)
|
0.99 (0.92–1.06)
|
October–December
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
- All covariables included simultaneously in the models are listed in this table; models were not adjusted for any other factors. ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; CI, confidence interval; COX, cyclo-oxygenase; GP, general practitioner; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR, odds ratio.