Table 4 Drug-related skin eruptions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) given TNF-α-blocking therapy
Patient no. | Age (yr) | Sex | Druga | Route | Type of eruption | Clinical description | Localization | Time to event (mo) | Biopsy | Comedicationb | Therapy | Rechallenge | Permanent withdrawal of anti-TNF-α | Course |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 62 | f | A | i.v. | Eczematous | Erythematosquamous plaques and papules | Neck/ axillary/ legs | 4.5 | Yes | naproxen | Local | positive | No | Recurring |
2 | 71 | m | A | i.v. | Exanthematous lichenoid | Maculopapular exanthema | Generalized | 0.7 | Yes | prednisolone, naproxen, paracetamol | Local | positive | Yes | Recovery |
3 | 77 | m | E | s.c. | Exanthematous | Macular exanthema | Generalized | 6.8 | Yes | prednisolone, naproxen, omeprazole | Local | positive | No | Recurring |
4 | 67 | m | E | s.c. | Lichenoid | Macular exanthema, purpura | Generalized | 1.5 | Yes | diclofenac, omeprazole, triamterene, furosemide, candesartan | Topical, systemic | No | Yes | Recovery |
5 | 69 | f | I | i.v. | Eczematous | Erythematous plaque | Right cheek | 0.1 | Yes | MTX, pantoprazole, atenolol, calcium, hydrochlorothiazide | Topical | positive | No | Recurring |
6 | 88 | f | I | i.v. | Eczematous urticarial | Erythematosquamous macula, purpura | Lower arms/legs | 3.9 | Yes | leflunomide, carbasalate calcium, omeprazole, furosemide, simvastatin, paracetamol | Topical | No | Yes | Recovery |
7 | 68 | f | I | i.v. | Eczematous urticarial | Erythematosquamous plaques, urticaria, excoriations, lichenification, purpura | Generalized | 10.3 | No | AZA, furosemide, oxazepam, enalapril, spironolactone, metoprolol, flixotide, formoterol | Topical, systemic | negative | No | Recovery |
8 | 60 | f | I | i.v. | Exanthematous | Stippled exanthema | Generalized | 0.5 | Yes | naproxen, omeprazole | Topical | No | Yes | Recovery |
9 | 53 | f | I | i.v. | Exanthematous | Exanthema | Upper arms/legs | 0.2 | No | indomethacin | Topical | positive | No | Recurring |
10 | 73 | f | I | i.v. | Exanthematous, with purpura | Exanthema, purpura | Lower legs | 18.8 | No | MTX, folic acid, prednisolone, morphine, loperamide, latanoprost | Topical | No | Yes | Recovery |
11 | 70 | f | I | i.v. | Exanthematous urticarial | Exanthema, urticaria | Arms/ trunk | 16.6 | Yes | leflunomide | None | positive | No | Recurring |
12 | 35 | f | I | i.v. | Exanthematous urticarial, with purpura | Macular exanthema, uricaria, purpura | Trunk/ axillary/ groins | 1.9 | Yes | none | Topical | - | Yes | Recovery |
13 | 58 | f | I | i.v. | Lichenoid | Erythema, hyperpigmentation, atrophy | Upper legs | 15.5 | Yes | leflunomide, meloxicam, metoclopramide, acenocoumarol, digoxin | None | No | Yes | Recovery |
14 | 58 | f | L | i.v. | Exanthematous | Papular exanthema | Generalized | 0.4 | Yes | none | Topical | positive | No | Recurring |
15 | 68 | m | L | i.v. | Exanthematous lichenoid | Maculopapular exanthema | Generalized | 1.7 | Yes | prednisolone, paracetamol | Topical | negative | No | Recovery |