The role of leptin in innate and adaptive immune responses

Table 3 Circulating leptin levels in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

Diseases	Leptin levels: patients versus healthy controls	Correlation of leptin levels with disease activity	Comments	References
RA	Elevated	No correlation with CRP	No data on BMI	[91]
RA	Elevated	Correlation with CRP	Different gender distribution in the groups	[92]
RA	Similar	No correlation	Correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat	[94]
RA	Similar	No correlation	Correlated with BMI	[95]
RA	Similar	Negative correlation with CRP	No effect of short course anti-TNF-α therapy	[97]
		and IL-6	on leptin levels
RA	Reduced	No correlation	No correlation with BMI, CRP or total fat mass	[96]
SLE	Elevated	No correlation	Correlated with BMI	[102]
Systemic sclerosis	Reduced	No correlation	Correlated with BMI	[103]
Behçet's disease	Elevated	Positive correlation	Gender ratio, age and BMI similar in patient and control groups	[104]
Multiple sclerosis	Similar	Positive correlation	Leptin levels increased before exacerbation and decreased after treatment with IFN-β	[100]
Multiple sclerosis	Similar	No correlation	Leptin levels increased in IFN-β treated patients during active disease and remission	[101]

BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

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