Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and co-morbidities for cases and controls

Age at diagnosis (years)

70.4 ± 16.7

67.1 ± 14.3

Female sex

58 (55.8)

163 (57.4)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.7 ± 4.7

26.7 ± 4.6

-

-

0.001

Smoking

28 (26.9)

51 (18)

1.96

1.15–3.37

0.01

Alcohol (glasses per week)

9.6 ± 33.2

6.2 ± 8.6

-

-

0.12

Coffee (cups per week)

18.9 ± 20.6

22.8 ± 13.8

-

-

0.06

Education low vocational or less

39 (56.5)

176 (64.0)

0.73

0.43–1.25

0.25

Married

42 (46.7)

166 (59.3)

0.60

0.37–0.97

0.04

Medical history

   Hypertension

30 (28.8)

95 (33.5)

0.81

0.49–1.32

0.39

   Heart failure

26 (25.0)

32 (11.3)

2.63

1.48–4.67

0.001

   COPD

25 (24.0)

57 (20.1)

1.26

0.74–2.15

0.40

   Myocardial infarction

20 (19.2)

32 (11.3)

1.88

1.02–3.45

0.04

   Stroke

18 (17.3)

28 (9.9)

1.91

1.01–3.63

0.04

   Heart rhythm disturbance

18 (17.3)

52 (18.3)

0.93

0.52–1.69

0.82

   Diabetes mellitus

16 (15.4)

33 (11.6)

1.38

0.73–2.64

0.32

   Anaemia

16 (15.4)

32 (11.3)

1.43

0.75–2.74

0.28

   Renal insufficiency

16 (15.4)

15 (5.3)

3.26

1.55–6.86

0.001

   Previous gastrointestinal ulcers

16 (15.4)

33 (11.7)

1.37

0.72–2.60

0.34

   Malignancy

15 (14.4)

26 (9.2)

1.67

0.85–3.30

0.14

   Rheumatoid disease, including OA

42 (40.4)

97 (34.2)

1.31

0.82–2.07

0.26