Arthritis Research & Therapy

Table 1 Measured variables of participants classified as current smokers (CS), ex-smokers (XS), and never-smokers (NS)

From: Cigarette smoking associates with body weight and muscle mass of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional, observational study

Gender	Male (n = 102)			Female (n = 290)
Smoking status	CS	XS	NS	CS	XS	NS
Number	20	50	32	49	97	144
Age, years	58.8 ± 8.1^a	65.2 ± 9.9^b	58.8 ± 15	57.4 ± 13.3^a	64.1 ± 11.2^b	60.7 ± 11.8
Height, cm	171.3 ± 7.1	174.3 ± 6.9	172.7 ± 7.7	160.9 ± 6.9	160.8 ± 6.8	159.5 ± 6.8
Weight, kg	76 ± 12.9^{b, c}	85.8 ± 13.6	84.1 ± 14.8	67.5 ± 14.2^a	74.8 ± 15.2	69.9 ± 13.6
Body mass index, kg/m²	25.8 ± 3.3^{b, c}	28.4 ± 3.8	27.6 ± 4.6	26.1 ± 5.5^{a, b}	28.6 ± 5.4	27.5 ± 5
Body fat, percentage	24.5 ± 6.4^{c, d}	28.8 ± 6.8	27.8 ± 5.6	35.9 ± 7^{a, b}	39.2 ± 6.5	38.1 ± 6.7
Fat-free mass, kg	57.2 ± 9.4	61.7 ± 7.7	59.8 ± 10.3	42.5 ± 4.8	43.7 ± 6.1	42.5 ± 6.1
Waist circumference, cm	100 ± 7.9^c	106.2 ± 10.8^b	102.9 ± 9.3	90.8 ± 12.8^a	98.6 ± 13	94.7 ± 12.7
ESR, mm/hour	26.5 ± 20.5	22.8 ± 21.3	20.7 ± 19.7	30.5 ± 26	34.3 ± 32.7^b	25.5 ± 19.8
C-reactive protein, mg/L	13.3 ± 9.4	16.1 ± 20.4	16 ± 24.3	21.9 ± 23.2^b	21.4 ± 32.7^b	11.9 ± 12.5
DAS28	4 ± 0.9	4.1 ± 1.5	3.9 ± 1.6	4.5 ± 1.5	4.3 ± 1.5	4.1 ± 1.2
HAQ score	0.9 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 1	1.1 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 0.9
Disease duration, years	8.6 ± 7.8	11.9 ± 10.6	14.6 ± 12.7	11.4 ± 9.8	13.5 ± 10.8	13.5 ± 11.1

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. ^aSignificant difference compared with XS (P < 0.05). ^bSignificant difference compared with NS (P < 0.05). ^cSignificant difference compared with XS (P < 0.001). ^dSignificant difference compared with NS (P < 0.001). DAS28, Disease Activity Score-28; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire.

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