|
Gender
|
Male (n = 102)
|
Female (n = 290)
|
|---|
|
Smoking status
|
CS
|
XS
|
NS
|
CS
|
XS
|
NS
|
|---|
|
Number
|
20
|
50
|
32
|
49
|
97
|
144
|
|
Age, years
|
58.8 ± 8.1a
|
65.2 ± 9.9b
|
58.8 ± 15
|
57.4 ± 13.3a
|
64.1 ± 11.2b
|
60.7 ± 11.8
|
|
Height, cm
|
171.3 ± 7.1
|
174.3 ± 6.9
|
172.7 ± 7.7
|
160.9 ± 6.9
|
160.8 ± 6.8
|
159.5 ± 6.8
|
|
Weight, kg
|
76 ± 12.9b, c
|
85.8 ± 13.6
|
84.1 ± 14.8
|
67.5 ± 14.2a
|
74.8 ± 15.2
|
69.9 ± 13.6
|
|
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
25.8 ± 3.3b, c
|
28.4 ± 3.8
|
27.6 ± 4.6
|
26.1 ± 5.5a, b
|
28.6 ± 5.4
|
27.5 ± 5
|
|
Body fat, percentage
|
24.5 ± 6.4c, d
|
28.8 ± 6.8
|
27.8 ± 5.6
|
35.9 ± 7a, b
|
39.2 ± 6.5
|
38.1 ± 6.7
|
|
Fat-free mass, kg
|
57.2 ± 9.4
|
61.7 ± 7.7
|
59.8 ± 10.3
|
42.5 ± 4.8
|
43.7 ± 6.1
|
42.5 ± 6.1
|
|
Waist circumference, cm
|
100 ± 7.9c
|
106.2 ± 10.8b
|
102.9 ± 9.3
|
90.8 ± 12.8a
|
98.6 ± 13
|
94.7 ± 12.7
|
|
ESR, mm/hour
|
26.5 ± 20.5
|
22.8 ± 21.3
|
20.7 ± 19.7
|
30.5 ± 26
|
34.3 ± 32.7b
|
25.5 ± 19.8
|
|
C-reactive protein, mg/L
|
13.3 ± 9.4
|
16.1 ± 20.4
|
16 ± 24.3
|
21.9 ± 23.2b
|
21.4 ± 32.7b
|
11.9 ± 12.5
|
|
DAS28
|
4 ± 0.9
|
4.1 ± 1.5
|
3.9 ± 1.6
|
4.5 ± 1.5
|
4.3 ± 1.5
|
4.1 ± 1.2
|
|
HAQ score
|
0.9 ± 0.8
|
1.4 ± 1
|
1.1 ± 0.9
|
1.5 ± 0.9
|
1.5 ± 0.9
|
1.5 ± 0.9
|
|
Disease duration, years
|
8.6 ± 7.8
|
11.9 ± 10.6
|
14.6 ± 12.7
|
11.4 ± 9.8
|
13.5 ± 10.8
|
13.5 ± 11.1
|
- Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. aSignificant difference compared with XS (P < 0.05). bSignificant difference compared with NS (P < 0.05). cSignificant difference compared with XS (P < 0.001). dSignificant difference compared with NS (P < 0.001). DAS28, Disease Activity Score-28; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire.
