Table 3 Hierarchical multivariate analysis of demographic, medical and psychological variables in relation to BASFI

1

Demographic variables

21.0 *

< 0.001 ⁺

Age

0.54

< 0.001

Employment

-13.58

< 0.001

Gender

-4.68

0.122

Marital

2.15

0.491

Education

-3.80

0.001

Student

2.75

0.669

Ethnicity

-4.38

0.259

2

Medical variables

32.0*

< 0.001 ⁺

Current tobacco use

9.12

0.099

NSAID therapy

6.56

0.021

BASRI (range 1.5 -- 16)

0.75

0.134

Biologic therapy

4.96

0.052

Number of medical co-morbidities

2.08

0.19

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

0.36

0.001

Disease duration

0.00

0.86

Days of general exercise per week

-1.5

0.036

Back exercise

-6.35

0.08

Physical therapy

12.65

0.024

3

Psychological variables

56.3*

< 0.001 ⁺

Arthritis internality (6-36)

-0.54

0.048

Arthritis helplessness (5-25)

1.14

0.004

Resilience coping (BRCS) (0-20)

0.32

0.507

Depression (PHQ-9) (0-27)

0.90

0.013

Active coping (7-35)

-0.12

0.703

Passive coping (11-55)

0.68

0.006