Figure 2

Immunogenic properties of the late apoptotic and necrotic cells. 1, Necrotic cells and late apoptotic/secondary necrotic cells spill maturing agents (M; such as HMGB1 and nucleosomes) into the environment, and consequently create inflamatory conditions. 2, Under normal conditions, apoptotic cells do not spill maturing agents, but are removed efficiently by neighbouring cells and phagocytes, such as macrophages. 3, When the clearance of apoptotic cells is diminished and/or excessive apoptosis occurs, blebs are segregated from the apoptotic cell body and can induce maturation of dendritic cells (DC) upon ingestion. MF, macrophage.