Parameter | Studies & patients (N) | Baseline patient vs. control | Stress reactivity within patients | Stress reactivity patients vs. controls | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leucocytes | [42] 18 RA vs. 14 HC | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | [36] 21 RA vs. 10 OA | RA: | RA: | RA: | |||
 | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC | SLE: | SLE: | SLE: | |||
 | [43] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 12 SD |  | Altered (↓) [40] |  |  |  | No difference [44] * |
 | [44] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 10 HC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 | [45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total lymphocytes | [30] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | RA: | RA: | RA: | |||
 | [42] 18 RA vs. 14 HC |  | No difference [40] |  | No response [42] |  | Altered (↓) [42] |
 | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC | SLE: | SLE: | SLE: | |||
 | [43] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 12 SD |  | Not reported [44] |  |  | No difference [40] | |
 | [44] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 10 HC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 | [45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   Total T cells (CD3+) | [30] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | RA: | No difference [40] | RA: | Increase [40] | RA: | |
 | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC |  | Altered (↓) [30] |  | No response [30] |  |  |
 | [43] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 12 SD | SLE: | SLE: | SLE: | |||
 | [44] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 10 HC |  |  |  | |||
 | [45]15 SLE vs. 15 HC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   Helper T cells (CD4+) | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC | RA: | RA: | Increase [40] | RA: | ||
 | [35] 7 RA, 6 SLE vs. 10 HC |  |  |  | Decrease [35] |  |  |
 | [43] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 12 SD | SLE: | SLE: | SLE: | |||
 | [44] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 10 HC |  |  |  | [35] | ||
 | [45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC |  | Not reported [44] |  |  |  | No difference [40] |
   Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) | [40] 9 RA, 7SLE vs. 15 HC | RA: | RA: | Increase [40] | RA: | No difference [40] | |
 | [35] 7 RA, 6 SLE vs. 10 HC |  |  |  | No response [35] |  | Altered (↓) [35] |
 | [43] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 12 SD | SLE: | SLE: | SLE: | |||
 | [44] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 10 HC |  |  | Decrease [35] |  | ||
 | [45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC |  | Not reported [44] |  |  |  |  |
   B cells (CD19+) | [30] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | RA: | Altered (↓) [30] | RA: | Increase [30] | RA: | No difference [30] |
 | [43] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 12 SD | SLE: | Altered (↑) (%) [43] | SLE: | Increase (%) [43] | SLE: | |
 | [44] 14 SLE vs. 14HC, 10HC |  | No difference (%) [44] * |  | No response (%) [44] |  |  |
   NK cells (CD56+) | [30] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | RA: | No difference [40] | RA: | RA: | ||
 | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC |  | Altered (↓) [30] |  |  |  |  |
 | [44] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 10 HC | SLE: | SLE: | SLE: | |||
 | [45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC |  | Not reported [44] |  | No response [44] |  | No difference [44] |
NK cell cytotoxicity | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC | RA: | No difference [40] | RA: | No response [40] | RA: | Altered (↓) [40] |
 | [45] 4 SLE vs. 8 HC | SLE: | SLE: | SLE: | |||
Cytokines | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   IL-6 | [39] 19 RA vs. 21 HC | RA: | RA: | No response [40] | RA: | ||
 | [41] 21 RA vs. 20 HC |  | Altered (↑) [39] |  | Increase [39] |  |  |
 | [42] 18 RA vs. 14 HC |  |  |  | Decrease (not plasma) [41] |  |  |
 | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC | SLE: | No difference [40] | SLE: | No response [40] | SLE: | No difference [40] |
 | [46] 15 JIA vs. 14 HC | JIA: | Altered (↑) [46] | JIA: | Increase [46] | JIA: | Altered (↑) [46] |
   IL-2 | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC | RA: | No difference | RA: | No response | RA: | No difference |
 |  | SLE: | No difference | SLE: | No response | SLE: | No difference |
   IL-4 | [38] 29 RA vs. 30 HC | RA: | RA: | No response [40] | RA: | No difference [40] | |
 | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC | SLE: | No difference [40] | SLE: | Increase [40] | SLE: | Altered (↑) [40] |
   IL-8 | [46] 15 JIA vs. 14 HC | JIA: | Altered (↑) | JIA: | No response | JIA: | No difference |
   IL-10 | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC | RA: | Altered (↓) (not intracell.) | RA | No response | RA: | No difference |
 |  | SLE: | Altered (↓) (not intracell.) | SLE: | No response | SLE: | No difference |
IFN-γ | [38] 29 RA vs. 30 HC | RA: | No difference [38] | RA: | No response [40] | RA: | Altered (↑) [40] |
 | [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC |  | Altered (↓) (not intracell.) [40] |  |  |  |  |
 |  | SLE: | Altered (↓)(not intracell.) [40] | SLE: | No response [40] | SLE: | Altered (↑) [40] |
TNF-α | [39] 19 RA vs. 21 HC | RA: | RA: | RA: | |||
 | [41] 21 RA vs. 20 HC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
β-adenoceptors | [45] 7 SLE vs. 8 HC | SLE: | No difference | SLE: | No response | SLE: | Altered (↓) |
β-adrenoceptor sensitivity | [45] 7 SLE vs. 8 HC | SLE: | Altered (↓) | Not assessed | Not assessed | ||
sIL-2 receptor | [42] 18 RA vs. 14 HC | RA: | Altered (↑) | RA: | No response | RA: | No difference |
C-reactive protein (CRP) | [36] 21 RA vs. 10 OA | RA: | No difference | RA: | Increase | RA: | Altered (↑) |