Table 1 Characteristics of participants

Age, years

62.6 (7.1)

63.3 (7.2)

61.9 (6.9)

0.168^a

Body mass index, kg/m²

27.6 (4.4)

27.2 (3.9)

28.0 (4.9)

0.230^a

Total lean mass, kg

52.7 (10.8)

60.3 (9.1)

44.6 (5.1)

<0.001 ^a

Total fat mass, %

33.7 (7.6)

27.5 (3.8)

40.3 (4.6)

<0.001 ^a

Trunk fat mass, %

33.1 (7.6)

28.5 (5.5)

38.0 (6.3)

<0.001 ^a

Waist/hip ratio, %

93.4 (8.1)

98.6 (5.4)

87.7 (6.6)

<0.001 ^a

Ever smoked, %

51

62

40

0.002

Rheumatoid arthritis, %

11

8

14

0.183

Asthma, %

15

9

21

0.024

Cardiovascular diseases, %

4

7

1

0.039

Diabetes, %

6

3

9

0.093

Hip pain, %

54

63

45

0.013

Superior joint-space narrowing, %

41

38

45

0.286

Axial joint-space narrowing, %

30

22

40

0.008

Any joint-space narrowing, %

48

43

52

0.212

Any osteophytes, %

25

28

23

0.419

Leptin, pg/ml

13.0 (11.6)

6.6 (5.6)

19.8 (12.5)

<0.001 ^a

IL-6, μg/L

3.5 (1.9)

3.5 (1.9)

3.4 (2.0)

0.672^a