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Table 4 Proportion of studies examining potential biomarkers for disease activity that incorporated important study-design features

From: Validity of clinical associations of biomarkers in translational research studies: the case of systemic autoimmune diseases

 

All diseases

SLE

RA

Other diseasesa

 

n= 37

n= 27

n= 9

n= 1

Study-design features

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Adjusted for age

11 (29.7)

10 (37.0)

1 (11.1)

0

Adjusted for sex

12 (32.4)

11 (40.7)

1 (11.1)

0

Adjusted for race

16 (43.2)

11 (40.7)

4 (44.4)

1 (100.0)

Provided information on medications

23 (62.1)

18 (66.7)

4 (44.4)

1 (100.0)

Controlled for treatment effects

21 (56.8)

16 (59.2)

4 (44.4)

0

Longitudinal component

17 (45.9)

11 (40.7)

5 (55.6)

1 (100.0)

Validated disease-activity measures

34 (91.9)

27 (100.0)

7 (77.8)

0

Included wide range of disease activity

34 (91.9)

24 (88.9)

9 (100.0)

1 (100.0)

  1. RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.
  2. aJuvenile idiopathic arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, and inflammatory myopathies.