| |
CTL (n= 30)
|
SLE (n= 30)
|
EH (n= 20)
|
|---|
|
Age, years
|
42 ± 11
|
41 ± 10
|
49 ± 15
|
|
Female, n (%)
|
26 (87%)
|
26 (87%)
|
12 (60%)
|
|
BMI, kg/m
2
|
24 ± 2.6
|
25 ± 5.0
|
25 ± 3.7
|
|
Blood pressure, mmHg
| | | |
|
Systolic
|
120 ± 9
|
125 ± 17
|
151 ± 15**##
|
|
Diastolic
|
70 ± 6
|
72 ± 10
|
88 ± 9**##
|
|
Dyslipidaemia, n (%)
|
14 (47%)
|
15 (50%)
|
13 (65%)
|
|
Smokers, n (%)
|
3 (10%)
|
9 (30%)*
|
3 (15%)#
|
|
Family history CVD, n
|
5 (17%)
|
5 (17%)
|
7 (35%)
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
5.4 ± 0.3
|
5.7 ± 0.7
|
5.3 ± 0.4
|
|
Statins, n (%)
|
0
|
1 (3%)
|
3 (15%)*
|
|
Antihypertensives, n (%)
|
0
|
9 (30%)**
|
0
|
|
Beta-blockers
|
0
|
4 (13%)*
|
0
|
|
ACE inhibitors
|
0
|
5 (17%)*
|
0
|
|
Calcium antagonists
|
0
|
1 (3%)
|
0
|
|
Hypertension, n (%)
|
0
|
9 (30%)**
|
20 (100%)**##
|
|
SAE, ml/mmHg × 100
|
8.1 ± 2.6
|
6.4 ± 2.7**
|
5.2 ± 3.8**
|
|
AF, AU
|
1.9 ± 0.4
|
2.1 ± 0.5*
|
2.3 ± 0.5**
|
|
IMT, mm
| | | |
|
Mean Maximum
|
0.72 (0.69 to 0.87)
|
0.71 (0.68 to 0.77)
|
0.89 (0.76 to 0.99)* ##
|
|
Mean
|
0.64 (0.59 to 0.70)
|
0.61 (0.57 to 0.66)
|
0.75 (0.67 to 0.86)** ##
|
|
C-reactive protein, mg/l
|
0.8 (0.4 to 1.5)
|
1.8 (0.5 to 4.5)*
|
1.7 (0.5 to 2.8)
|
|
VCAM-1, ng/ml
|
371 ± 101
|
548 ± 165**
|
393 ± 111##
|
|
vWf, %
|
67 (46 to 88)
|
130 (89 to 223)**
|
78 (50 to 177)#
|
|
TM, ng/ml
|
1.6 (1.2 to 1.7)
|
1.7 (1.2 to 2.3)
|
1.8 (1.5 to 2.6)*
|
- Unless stated otherwise, data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation when normally distributed and as median (interquartile range) when non-normally distributed. ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; AF, autofluorescence; AU, arbitrary units; BMI, body mass index; CrCl, creatinine clearance; CRP, C-reactive protein; CTL, healthy controls; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EH, essential hypertension patients; HbA1c, hemoglobulin A1c; IMT, intima media thickness; SAE, small artery elasticity; SLE, SLE patients; TM, thrombomodulin; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; vWf, von Willebrand factor. Patients versus controls: * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01. EH patients versus SLE patients: # P ≤ 0.05, ## P ≤ 0.01.
