Table 3 Risk of incident gout in men with diet and alcohol intake: Health Professionals Follow-up Study
Dietary factor | Comparison | Multivariate RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Total meat intake [51] | Highest versus lowest quintile | 1.41 (1.07, 1.86) |
Seafood [51] | Highest versus lowest quintile | 1.51 (1.17,1.95) |
Vegetable purines [51] | Highest versus lowest quintile | 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) |
Dairy products [51] | Highest versus lowest quintile | 0.56 (0.42, 0.74) |
Low-fat dairy products [51] | Highest versus lowest quintile | 0.58 (0.45, 0.76) |
High-fat dairy products [51] | Highest versus lowest quintile | 1.00 (0.77, 1.29) |
Coffee [52] | ≥ 6 cups per day versus none | 0.41 (0.19, 0.88) |
Decaffeinated coffee [52] | ≥ 4 cups per day versus none | 0.73 (0.46, 1.17) |
Tea [52] | ≥ 4 cups per day versus none | 0.82 (0.38, 1.75) |
Total caffeine [52] | Highest versus lowest quintile | 0.83 (0.64, 1.08) |
Sugar-sweetened soft drinks [53] | ≥ 2 drinks per day versus none | 1.85 (1.08, 3.16) |
Diet soft drinks [53] | ≥ 2 drinks per day versus none | 1.12 (0.82, 1.52) |
Total fructose [53] | Highest versus lowest quintile | 1.81 (1.31, 2.50) |
Total vitamin C [55] | ≥ 1,500 mg versus <250 mg/day | 0.55 (0.38, 0.80) |
Total alcohol [58] | ≥ 50 g per day versus none | 2.53 (1.73, 3.70) |
Beer [58] | ≥ 2 drinks per day versus none | 2.51 (1.77, 3.55) |
Spirits [58] | ≥ 2 drinks per day versus none | 1.60 (1.19, 2.16) |
Wine [58] | ≥ 2 drinks per day versus none | 1.05 (0.64, 1.72) |