Table 1 Pap smear findings, socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of lupus patients and control subjects #
| Â | SLE patients | Control subjects | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Group 1 (HPV-positive) (n= 15) | Group 2 (HPV-negative) (n= 31) | Group 3 (HPV-positive) (n= 7) | Group 4 (HPV-negative) (n= 22) |
Pap smear findings | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Cytological abnormality * | 8 (53) | 1 (3) †††| 5 (71) | 3 (14) ‡‡ |
Demographic & social characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Age at study, mean ± S.D. (range), year | 45 ± 10 (28 to 58) | 47 ± 10 (30 to 63) | 41 ± 10 (31 to 59) | 44 ± 11 (25 to 62) |
   Menopause | 7 (47) | 17 (55) | 2 (29) | 4 (18) §§ |
   Married | 9 (60) | 24 (77) | 7 (100) | 17 (77) |
   Low education level (high school or lower) | 12 (80) | 25 (81) | 7 (100) | 15 (68) |
   Monthly family income ≤ HK$ 10,000 | 6 (40) | 9 (29) | 1 (14) | 6 (27) |
   Alcohol | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 1 (14) | 1 (5) |
   Current smoker | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 1 (14) | 1 (5) |
   Employment | 7 (47) | 11 (35) | 2 (29) | 18 (82) ‡‡, §§ |
Reproductive and gynecologic characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   First intercourse at young age (≤ 17 years) | 2 (13) | 4 (13) | 1 (14) | 2 (9) |
   Multiple sexual partners (≥ 3) | 3 (20) | 2 (6) | 4 (57) | 1 (5) ‡‡ |
   History of sexually transmitted disease | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
   Oral contraceptives | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | 1 (14) | 2 (9) |
   Condom use by male partner | 6 (40) | 11 (35) | 3 (43) | 11 (50) |
   Current vaginal discharge | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) |
   Bleeding after intercourse | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 2 (9) |