Association between alcohol consumption and symptom severity and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia

Table 5 Pairwise comparison among alcohol consumption groups

Characteristic	Pairwise comparison of outcomes among alcohol consumption groups^a, P-value^b
	None vs low	None vs moderate	None vs heavy	Low vs moderate	Low vs heavy	Moderate vs heavy
Tender points	0.76	0.10	0.27	0.04	0.14	0.98
FIQ
Total	0.11	0.049	0.98	0.32	0.61	0.13
Physical function	<0.001	0.04	0.76	0.65	0.96	0.60
Work missed	0.004	0.29	0.96	0.97	0.85	0.79
Job ability	0.10	0.11	0.98	0.51	0.97	0.53
Pain	0.61	<0.001	0.98	0.005	0.80	0.009
SF-36
Physical functioning	0.047	0.006	0.01	0.11	0.19	1.00
Pain index	0.02	0.03	0.43	0.39	0.98	0.81
General health perceptions	0.01	0.58	0.84	1.00	0.99	0.99
Social functioning	0.03	0.28	0.86	0.88	0.99	0.88
Physical component summary	0.009	0.01	0.09	0.26	0.69	0.95

FIQ, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; SF-36, Short Form-36 Health Survey. ^aAlcohol consumption levels were defined as follows: none, 0 drinks/wk; low, ≤3 drinks/wk; moderate, >3 to 7 drinks/wk; heavy, >7 drinks/wk. ^bTukey HSD method was used to perform pairwise comparisons of least-squares means between groups from a multivariate model that adjusted for age, employment status, education level, body mass index and opioid use. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

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