Remarkable prevalence of coeliac disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome plus fibromyalgia in comparison with those with isolated irritable bowel syndrome: a case-finding study

Table 5 Most frequently prescribed drugs ^a

Prescribed drugs	IBS	IBS/FMS	P value	IBS/FMS cases classified by Marsh stage			P value
Prescribed drugs	(N = 125)	(N = 104)	(BIS vs. FMS)	Marsh stage 0 (N = 39)	Marsh stage 1 (N = 58)	Marsh stage 3 (N = 7)	(Marsh stages 1 and 3 vs. Marsh stage 0)
Analgesics^b	22 (18)	85 (82)	<0.001	34 (87)	45 (78)	6 (86)	0.468
Omeprazole	102 (82)	82 (79)	0.360	29 (74)	47 (81)	6 (86)	0.659
Antidepressants^c	30 (24)	70 (67)	<0.001	25 (64)	40 (69)	5 (71)	0.857
Pregabalin	4 (3)	60 (58)	<0.001	19 (49)	36 (62)	5 (71)	0.319
Benzodiazepines/hypnotics	55 (44)	59 (57)	0.037	20 (51)	35 (60)	4 (57)	0.677
Antispasmodics/antidiarrhoeals^d	58 (46)	52 (50)	0.341	17 (38)	33 (57)	2 (29)	0.220
Laxatives	14 (11)	42 (40)	<0.001	10 (26)	27 (47)	5 (71)	0.027
Opiate patches	–	17 (16)	NA	1 (2)	12 (21)	4 (57)	<0.001
Number of drugs prescribed per patient per day	1.8 (1.1)	4.6 (2.2)	<0.001	3.9 (1.9)	4.9 (2.2)	6.6 (1.5)	0.003

^aIBS, inflammatory bowel syndrome; IBS/FMS, inflammatory bowel syndrome/fibromyalgia syndrome; NA = not applicable. ^bAnalgesics were usually used on an irregular basis (on demand) and were generally nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, tramadol, metamizole and codeine. ^cAntidepressants prescribed were tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or other antidepressants. ^dAntispasmodics prescribed were mebeverine and/or octylonium bromide, and antidiarrhoeal medications prescribed were loperamide and diphenoxylate/atropine. Data are expressed as total value and percentage of the total value or mean and standard deviation.

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