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Table 1

From: Smoking and secondhand smoke among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and controls: associations with disease and disease damage

 

Never smokers, n(%)

Ever smokers, n(%)

Current smokers, n(%)

Secondhand smoke < 18 years old, n(%)

Secondhand smoke ever, n(%)

All patients (n = 545)

407 (74.7%)

138 (25.3%)

72 (15.1%)

132 of 372 (35.5%)

158 of 376 (42.0%)

African American patients (n = 416)

328 (78.9%)

88 (21.2%)

49 (11.8%)

111 of 313 (35.5%)

127 of 315 (40.3%)

Caucasian patients (n = 109)

63 (57.8%)

46 (42.2 %)

21 (19.3%)

19 of 47 (40.4%)

26 of 47 (55.3%)

Other patients (n = 20)

16 (80%)

4 (20.0%)

2 (10%)

2 of 12 (16.7%)

5 of 14 (35.7%)

All controls (African American) (n = 386)

284 (73.6%)

102 (26.4%)

57 (14.8%)

92 of 354 (25.6%)

120 of 357 (33.6%)

Related controls (n = 222)

155 (69.8%)

67 (30.2%)

36 (16.2%)

51 of 205 (24.9%)

67 of 207 (32.4%)

Unrelated controls (n = 164)

129 (78.7%)

35 (21.3%)

21 (12.8%)

41 of 149 (27.5%)

53 of 150 (35.3%)