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Table 2 Characteristics of CD4+ T cells chronically exposed to tumour necrosis factor

From: Studies of T-cell activation in chronic inflammation

1

Upregulation of activation antigens such as CD69

2

Induction of nondeletional, proliferative hyporesponsiveness

3

Suppression of cytokine production

4

Uncoupling of TCR signal transduction pathways

5

Repression of CD28 gene transcription