Table 4 Effects of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) and hylans on immune cells
Effect | Reference | Experimental model; treatment | MW-dependent | Dose-dependent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Reduced lymphocyte motility | Balazs & Darzynkiewicz, 1973 [25] | Macrophages from various species; high- and low-MW HA | Yes | Yes |
Inhibited lymphocyte proliferation | Peluso et al., 1990 [85] | Human mononuclear cells; high- and low-MW HA | Yes | Yes |
Suppressed lymphocyte stimulation | Darzynkiewicz & Balazs, 1971 [86] | Human lymphocytes; various MWs and doses of HA | Yes | Yes |
Inhibited macrophage phagocytosis and cell motility | Balazs et al., 1981 [26] | Mouse macrophages; human and equine synovial fluid | N/A | N/A |
| Â | Forrester & Balazs, 1980 [87] | Mouse macrophages; high- and low-MW HAs | Yes | Yes |
Inhibited phagocytosis and degranulation of neutrophils | Pisko et al., 1983 [88] | Human neutrophils; various doses of HA | N/A | Yes |
Reduced PMN leukocyte migration and activation | Partsch et al., 1989 [89] | PMN cells from OA patients; various HA doses | N/A | Yes |
Inhibited cartilage degradation associated with neutrophil adhesion | Tobetto et al., 1993 [92] | Rat peritoneal neutrophils exposed to bovine cartilage | Yes | Yes |
Suppressed neutrophil aggregation and adhesion | Forrester ackie, 1981 [93] | Rabbit neutrophils; various HA doses and MWs | Yes | Yes |
Stimulated PMN leukocyte phagocytosis, adherence, and migration | HÃ¥kansson et al., 1980 [91] | Human PMN leukocytes from patients with impaired host resistance | N/A | N/A |