Non-canonical NF-κB signaling in rheumatoid arthritis: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde?

Table 1 Biologics targeting ligand-receptor pairs involved in non-canonical nuclear factor-κB signaling in rheumatoid arthritis

Ligand	Receptor	Biologic	Type of agent	Activity of biologic	Stage of development
BAFF	BAFF-R	Belimumab (Benlysta; Human Genome Sciences/GlaxoSmithKline)	Human BAFF-specific antibody	Antagonist	Phase II
BAFF	BAFF-R	Tabalumab/LY2127399	Human BAFF-specific antibody	Antagonist	Phase II
CD40L	CD40	BI 655064	Humanized CD40-specific antibody	Antagonist	Phase I in progress
-	LTβR	Baminercept	Human LTβR-IgG₁ fusion protein	Antagonist	Phase II
LTα	LTβR	Patecluzimab	Humanized LTα-specific antibody	Depleting and antagonist	Phase II in progress
RANKL	RANK	Denosumab (Prolia/Xgeva; Amgen)	Human RANKL-specific antibody	Antagonist	Phase II

BAFF, B cell activating factor; BAFF-R, BAFF receptor; CD40L, CD40 ligand; Ig, immunoglobulin; LTα, lymphotoxin-α; LTβR, LTβ receptor; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB; RANKL, RANK ligand.

ISSN: 1478-6362