Table 4 Determinants of osteoporosis (OP) or osteopenia in patients with primary SS
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Presence of osteoporosis or osteopenia (n = 38) | Absence of osteoporosis or osteopenia (n = 24) | P -value | Odds ratio 95% (CI) | P -value | |
Classical risk factors for osteoporosis | |||||
Age, years | 59. 9 ± 10.1 | 52.8 ± 14.6 | 0.03 | ||
Family history of fracture, % | 5.4 | 27.2 | 0.02 | ||
Past medical history of fracture, % | 15 | 8.3 | ns | ||
Body mass index | 26.9 ± 4.7 | 28.2 ± 6.8 | ns | ||
Age of menarche, years | 13.4 ± 1.7 | 13.1 ± 2.4 | ns | ||
Age of menopause, years | 49.4 ± 4.1 | 50.6 ± 6.3 | ns | ||
Calcium, mg/dl | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.6 | 0.02 | 3.2 (1.01, 10.4) | <0.05 |
Phosphate, mg/dl | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | ns | ||
Calcium urine/24 h, g | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | ns | ||
Phosphate urine/24 h, g | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | ns | ||
25-hydroxy-vitamin D3, ng/ml | 21.2 ± 12.9 | 21.4 ± 8.1 | ns | ||
Parathyroid hormone, pg/ml | 50.2 ± 22.6 | 41.6 ± 16.6 | ns | ||
Current thyroid stimulating hormone levels (μ IU/dl) | 1.34 ± 2.1 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | ns | ||
Total steroid dose, g | 9.8 ± 17.8 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | ns | ||
Current steroid dose, mg/day | 1.6 ± 2.4 | 0.5 ± 1.4 | ns | ||
Disease-related features | |||||
Sjogren's syndrome activity index | 1.85 ± 1.49 | 1.74 ± 1.8 | ns | ||
Disease duration, years | 9.1 ± 7.4 | 7.3 ± 6.3 | ns | ||
Focus score, number of lymphocytic foci/4 mm2 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 1.9 | ns | ||
Whole salivary flow, ml/15 minutes | 2.0 ± 2.9 | 2.6 ± 3.1 | ns | ||
Urine pH | 6.3 ± 7.4 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 0.03 | 4.5 (1.004, 20.4) | <0.05 |
Urine specific gravity | 1,014 ± 6.9 | 1,015 ± 7 | ns | ||
Arthralgias, % | 80 | 54.2 | 0.03 | ||
Peri-epithelial disease, % | 27.5 | 8.3 | ns | ||